Концепції допустимості доказів та їх імплементація у кримінальний процес України
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Дата
2023
Автори
DOI
https://doi.org/10.17721/2413-5372.2023.1-2/211-220
Науковий ступінь
Рівень дисертації
Шифр та назва спеціальності
Рада захисту
Установа захисту
Науковий керівник
Члени комітету
Видавець
Вісник кримінального судочинства. - 2023. - № 1-2. - С. 211-220
Анотація
Досліджено сутність концепцій, які є виключенням з правила «плодів отруєного дерева», здійснено їх застосування у судовій практиці України, задля одержання нових наукових знань та забезпечення правильного розуміння. Наголошено, що застосування, при вирішені питання щодо допустимості доказів у кримінальному провадженні, наряду з концепцією «плодів отруєного дерева» інших концепцій, які фактично є виключенням з означеної, дають гнучкості кримінальному процесу у питанні визнання доказів допустимими, що забезпечує справедливість судового процесу для обох сторін та певний баланс між громадськими інтересами суспільства та особи, яка
притягується до кримінальної відповідальності, її прав та свобод. Справедливість процесу
в цілому та рішення (вироку) суду, як документу який приймається за його наслідками, може
бути досягнутий прозорістю та зрозумілістю застосованих норм та процедур для учасників процесу та суспільства.
The author of the article examines the provisions of the current criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine, the decision of the European Court of Human Rights and the modern practice of the courts of Ukraine regarding the application of the concept of “fruits of a poisoned tree” and exceptions to it. It has been proven that establishing the commission of a relevant criminal offense by a certain person or, conversely, his non-involvement in its commission is carried out on the basis of evidence provided to the court by the participants in the adversarial procedure. Determining the admissibility of the evidence presented to the court is a guarantee of the balance of rights of all participants in the criminal proceedings and ensuring that the court adopts a legal and fair decision on the case. In this context, the implementation of the concepts formulated in the criminal trials of foreign countries, regarding issues of admissibility of evidence, to the current criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine becomes important and requires additional research. The purpose of the article is to study the essence of concepts that are an exception to the rule of “fruits of the poisoned tree”, to implement their application in the judicial practice of Ukraine, in order to obtain new scientific knowledge and ensure correct understanding. In the world practice and the practice of the European Court of Human Rights, in particular, certain concepts were formed when solving the issue of admissibility of evidence in criminal proceedings, which are implemented at the present time and in the judicial practice of Ukraine. The most widespread and well-known of them in matters of inadmissibility of evidence is the concept of “fruit of the poisoned tree”, the essence of which is that if the source of evidence is improper, then all the evidence obtained with its help will be the same. However, at the present time there are already a certain number of concepts that are an exception to it and offer a different approach to the issue of recognizing evidence as admissible. It is noted that all exceptions from the concept of “fruits of the poisoned tree” have common features, in particular: first, the focus of the research is not on the violation as such, but on its essence; secondly, on establishing the impact of certain violations on ensuring a fair trial; thirdly, the credibility of the relevant evidence and the ability of the court to reach certain conclusions regarding the establishment of a person’s guilt in committing the relevant criminal offense. That is, they provide opportunities to move away from formalism in matters related to: admissibility of evidence, ensuring a fair trial and achieving the goal of criminal proceedings. It was concluded that the application, when the issue of admissibility of evidence in criminal proceedings is resolved, along with the concept of “fruit of the poisoned tree” of other concepts, which are actually an exception to the stated one, gives flexibility to the criminal process in the matter of recognizing evidence as admissible, which ensures the fairness of the judicial process for both sides and a certain balance between the public interests of society and the person who is brought to criminal responsibility, his rights and freedoms. The justice of the process as a whole and the decision (sentence) of the court, as a document that is accepted according to its consequences, can be achieved by transparency and comprehensibility of the applied norms and procedures for the participants in the process and society.
Исследована сущность концепций, которые являются исключением из правила «плодов отравленного дерева», осуществлено их применение в судебной практике Украины для получения новых научных знаний и обеспечения правильного понимания. Отмечено, что применение, при решении вопроса о допустимости доказательств в уголовном производстве, наряду с концепцией «плодов отравленного дерева» других концепций, которые являются фактически исключением из указанной, дают гибкости уголовному процессу в вопросе признания доказательств допустимыми, что обеспечивает справедливость судебного процесса для обеих сторон и определенный баланс между общественными интересами общества и лица, которое привлекается к уголовной ответственности, ее правам и свободам.
The author of the article examines the provisions of the current criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine, the decision of the European Court of Human Rights and the modern practice of the courts of Ukraine regarding the application of the concept of “fruits of a poisoned tree” and exceptions to it. It has been proven that establishing the commission of a relevant criminal offense by a certain person or, conversely, his non-involvement in its commission is carried out on the basis of evidence provided to the court by the participants in the adversarial procedure. Determining the admissibility of the evidence presented to the court is a guarantee of the balance of rights of all participants in the criminal proceedings and ensuring that the court adopts a legal and fair decision on the case. In this context, the implementation of the concepts formulated in the criminal trials of foreign countries, regarding issues of admissibility of evidence, to the current criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine becomes important and requires additional research. The purpose of the article is to study the essence of concepts that are an exception to the rule of “fruits of the poisoned tree”, to implement their application in the judicial practice of Ukraine, in order to obtain new scientific knowledge and ensure correct understanding. In the world practice and the practice of the European Court of Human Rights, in particular, certain concepts were formed when solving the issue of admissibility of evidence in criminal proceedings, which are implemented at the present time and in the judicial practice of Ukraine. The most widespread and well-known of them in matters of inadmissibility of evidence is the concept of “fruit of the poisoned tree”, the essence of which is that if the source of evidence is improper, then all the evidence obtained with its help will be the same. However, at the present time there are already a certain number of concepts that are an exception to it and offer a different approach to the issue of recognizing evidence as admissible. It is noted that all exceptions from the concept of “fruits of the poisoned tree” have common features, in particular: first, the focus of the research is not on the violation as such, but on its essence; secondly, on establishing the impact of certain violations on ensuring a fair trial; thirdly, the credibility of the relevant evidence and the ability of the court to reach certain conclusions regarding the establishment of a person’s guilt in committing the relevant criminal offense. That is, they provide opportunities to move away from formalism in matters related to: admissibility of evidence, ensuring a fair trial and achieving the goal of criminal proceedings. It was concluded that the application, when the issue of admissibility of evidence in criminal proceedings is resolved, along with the concept of “fruit of the poisoned tree” of other concepts, which are actually an exception to the stated one, gives flexibility to the criminal process in the matter of recognizing evidence as admissible, which ensures the fairness of the judicial process for both sides and a certain balance between the public interests of society and the person who is brought to criminal responsibility, his rights and freedoms. The justice of the process as a whole and the decision (sentence) of the court, as a document that is accepted according to its consequences, can be achieved by transparency and comprehensibility of the applied norms and procedures for the participants in the process and society.
Исследована сущность концепций, которые являются исключением из правила «плодов отравленного дерева», осуществлено их применение в судебной практике Украины для получения новых научных знаний и обеспечения правильного понимания. Отмечено, что применение, при решении вопроса о допустимости доказательств в уголовном производстве, наряду с концепцией «плодов отравленного дерева» других концепций, которые являются фактически исключением из указанной, дают гибкости уголовному процессу в вопросе признания доказательств допустимыми, что обеспечивает справедливость судебного процесса для обеих сторон и определенный баланс между общественными интересами общества и лица, которое привлекается к уголовной ответственности, ее правам и свободам.
Опис
Ключові слова
кримінальний процес, criminal process, уголовный процесс, допустимість доказів, admissibility of evidence, допустимость доказательств, концепції, concepts, концепции, "плоди отруєного дерева", "fruit of the poisoned tree", "плоды отравленного дерева"
Бібліографічний опис
Тесленко, І. О. Концепції допустимості доказів та їх імплементація у кримінальний процес України / Тесленко І. О. // Вісник кримінального судочинства. - 2023. - № 1-2. - С. 211-220. - DOI: https://doi.org/10.17721/2413-5372.2023.1-2/211-220.