Майно як предмет злочинів проти власності та предмет суспільних відносин права власності на речі та інші речові права
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Дата
2017
ORCID
DOI
Науковий ступінь
Рівень дисертації
Шифр та назва спеціальності
Рада захисту
Установа захисту
Науковий керівник
Члени комітету
Видавець
Вісник Кримінологічної асоціації України. - 2017. - № 2 (16). - С. 121-131
Анотація
Розглядається питання щодо змісту і сутності ознак предмета злочинів проти власності за КК України 1960 р. та
КК України 2001 р. Констатується, що зміст таких ознак
пояснюється в першу чергу тим напрямом соціально-політичного устрою нашої країни, що проголошується в конституційних положеннях нашої держави на момент прийняття
відповідного кримінального закону і знаходить своє закріплення в положеннях цивільного законодавства. Робиться висновок про те, що визначення предмета злочинів проти власності, надане в законі про кримінальну відповідальність, застаріло і не відповідає положенням як Конституції України, так
і чинного ЦК України.
The provisions of the Articles 5 and 6 of the Constitution of Ukrainian SSR of 1937 determined that the Socialist property in the USSR has the form of either state property or the form of cooperative kolkhoz ownership. However, the Art. 10 of that Constitution provided that the right to private property of citizens on their labor incomes and savings, a house and holding household, the objects of household and everyday life, the objects of personal consumption and comfort, as well as the right to inherit personal property of citizens are protected by the law . Based on the foregoing, the system of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukrainian SSR of 1960 contained two separate chapters, which established independent grounds of the criminal liability for the crimes of the relevant group. Besides, the Chapter VI of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine of 1960 “Economic Crimes” except the trespasses just on legal relations arising from the production, distribution, exchange and consumption of goods and services contained in its system the corpus delicti that we refer under the current point of view to the group of crimes against the environment. This construction was also caused by the provisions of the current Basic Law at the time of the adoption of this Code. However, the Law “On Property” was adopted in 1991, according to p. 5 of the Art. 2 of this Law the legislator determined that property in Ukraine existed in various forms and the state creates equal conditions for the development of all forms of ownership and their protection. These amendments were taken into account while developing the structure of the system of the Criminal Code of Ukraine of 2001. At the same time, approaches to determining the content of the features of the crime’s object in the science of criminal law were not reviewed and are perceived by all scholars as a kind of axiom. Nowadays, the set of three features is necessary and sufficient: 1) legal; 2) economic; 3) physical. However, in regard to the regulation of property relations as a kind of civil relations based on legal equality, free will and property independence of their participants, which are property relations of a person for a thing (property), this function is assigned to the Civil Code of Ukraine and it determines the content of legal relations of property and other material rights. It has been proved that at the present time there is no need for the separation of such individual, independent alternative corpus delicti within the science of criminal law of Ukraine, under the Articles 189 and 190 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine as the “right to property” and “commission of any actions of material nature”, because of their correlation with the term “property” as parts and the whole. The properties of the property, where the criminal law links the presence of the certain corpus delicti in the actions of a person, completely depend on the features of the objective side of any corpus delicti, that is the nature of a socially dangerous act, modus operandi and the nature and amount of damage caused to the object by the actions.
Рассматривается вопрос содержания и сущности признаков предмета преступлений против собственности по УК Украины 1960 г. и УК Украины 2001 г. Отмечается, что содержание таких признаков обусловливается в первую очередь тем направлением социально-политического устройства нашей страны, который определен в конституционных положением нашего государства на момент принятия соответствующего уголовного закона и находит свое закрепление в положениях гражданского законодательства. Делается вывод о том, что определение предмета преступлений против собственности, данное в законе об уголовной ответственности, устарело и не соответствует положениям как Конституции Украины, так и действующего ГК Украины.
The provisions of the Articles 5 and 6 of the Constitution of Ukrainian SSR of 1937 determined that the Socialist property in the USSR has the form of either state property or the form of cooperative kolkhoz ownership. However, the Art. 10 of that Constitution provided that the right to private property of citizens on their labor incomes and savings, a house and holding household, the objects of household and everyday life, the objects of personal consumption and comfort, as well as the right to inherit personal property of citizens are protected by the law . Based on the foregoing, the system of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukrainian SSR of 1960 contained two separate chapters, which established independent grounds of the criminal liability for the crimes of the relevant group. Besides, the Chapter VI of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine of 1960 “Economic Crimes” except the trespasses just on legal relations arising from the production, distribution, exchange and consumption of goods and services contained in its system the corpus delicti that we refer under the current point of view to the group of crimes against the environment. This construction was also caused by the provisions of the current Basic Law at the time of the adoption of this Code. However, the Law “On Property” was adopted in 1991, according to p. 5 of the Art. 2 of this Law the legislator determined that property in Ukraine existed in various forms and the state creates equal conditions for the development of all forms of ownership and their protection. These amendments were taken into account while developing the structure of the system of the Criminal Code of Ukraine of 2001. At the same time, approaches to determining the content of the features of the crime’s object in the science of criminal law were not reviewed and are perceived by all scholars as a kind of axiom. Nowadays, the set of three features is necessary and sufficient: 1) legal; 2) economic; 3) physical. However, in regard to the regulation of property relations as a kind of civil relations based on legal equality, free will and property independence of their participants, which are property relations of a person for a thing (property), this function is assigned to the Civil Code of Ukraine and it determines the content of legal relations of property and other material rights. It has been proved that at the present time there is no need for the separation of such individual, independent alternative corpus delicti within the science of criminal law of Ukraine, under the Articles 189 and 190 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine as the “right to property” and “commission of any actions of material nature”, because of their correlation with the term “property” as parts and the whole. The properties of the property, where the criminal law links the presence of the certain corpus delicti in the actions of a person, completely depend on the features of the objective side of any corpus delicti, that is the nature of a socially dangerous act, modus operandi and the nature and amount of damage caused to the object by the actions.
Рассматривается вопрос содержания и сущности признаков предмета преступлений против собственности по УК Украины 1960 г. и УК Украины 2001 г. Отмечается, что содержание таких признаков обусловливается в первую очередь тем направлением социально-политического устройства нашей страны, который определен в конституционных положением нашего государства на момент принятия соответствующего уголовного закона и находит свое закрепление в положениях гражданского законодательства. Делается вывод о том, что определение предмета преступлений против собственности, данное в законе об уголовной ответственности, устарело и не соответствует положениям как Конституции Украины, так и действующего ГК Украины.
Опис
Харченко, В. Б. Майно як предмет злочинів проти власності та предмет суспільних відносин права власності на речі та інші речові права / Вадим Борисович Харченко // Вісник Кримінологічної асоціації України. - 2017. - № 2 (16). - С. 121-131.
Kharchenko, V. B. (2017), “Property as an Object of Crimes against Property and an Object of Public Relations of the Ownership to Things and Other Material Rights” [Maino yak predmet zlochyniv proty vlasnosti ta predmet suspilnykh vidnosyn prava vlasnosti na rechi ta inshi rechovi prava], Visnyk Kryminolohichnoi asotsiatsii Ukrainy, No. 2 (16), pp. 121–131.
Kharchenko, V. B. (2017), “Property as an Object of Crimes against Property and an Object of Public Relations of the Ownership to Things and Other Material Rights” [Maino yak predmet zlochyniv proty vlasnosti ta predmet suspilnykh vidnosyn prava vlasnosti na rechi ta inshi rechovi prava], Visnyk Kryminolohichnoi asotsiatsii Ukrainy, No. 2 (16), pp. 121–131.
Ключові слова
Кримінальне право. Criminal Law. Уголовное право, Наукові публікації. Scientific publications. Научные публикации, Україна. Ukraine. Украина, предмет злочину, злочини проти власності, майно, речі, право на майно, дії майнового характеру, object of a crime, crimes against property, property, things, right to property, actions of material nature, property rights, предмет преступления, subject of crime, преступления против собственности, имущество, вещи, право на имущество, действия имущественного характера