Поняття «незаконний обіг зброї» охоплює комплекс правопорушень, які
передбачені чотирнадцятьма статтями Кримінального кодексу України. Всі
злочини об’єднує один предмет злочину, яким є зброя. Під час розслідування цих
злочинів обов’язково призначається експертиза зброї та слідів і обставин її використання. Різноманітність видів зброї і способів учинення злочинів обумовлює
необхідність призначення інших судових експертиз.
The term of “illegal weapons trafficking” includes a set of offenses, which are
provided for by fourteen articles of the Сriminal Сode of Ukraine. The indicated crimes
include the following actions with weapons: moving across the customs border of Ukraine outside customs control or with concealment from customs control; abduction,
appropriation, extortion, taking possession by fraud or abuse of office; illegal possession, storage, acquisition, transfer, sale, manufacturing, repair; processing, falsification, deletion or change of marking; careless storage; violation of the rules of storage,
use, accounting, transportation, handling; illicit traffic on an aircraft; intentional or
careless destruction or damage; loss or damage; development, production, acquisition,
storage, distribution, transportation. All of these offenses combine one crime subject,
which is a weapon, including ammunition, explosives and devices.
The investigation of these crimes calls for the use of specialized knowledge in
the form of forensic expertise. The forensic expertise of the weapon, traces and conditions of its use, which allows to determine the crime subject, is mandatory. The variety of
weapons types and methods of committing crimes determines the conduct of other forensic expertise. The examination of documents is carried out in the forensic expertise of
handwriting and technical expertise of documents. The oral speech of the participants in
the crime is examine in the linguistic expertise of oral speech and the expertise of video
and audio records. Trasology expertise provides an opportunity to identify destroyed
relief marks on weapons, the belonging of individual parts to one copy of the weapon,
the presence of fingerprints on the weapon. With the help of a portrait expertise, a person whose appearance is fixed on a photo or video is identified. Expertise of materials,
substances and products is assigned to identify the materials from which weapons were
made, as well as the detection of micro particles of explosives. Art expertise is conducted
to determine the historical and cultural value of antiquarian weapons.
Понятие «незаконный оборот оружия» охватывает преступления, предусмотренные четырнадцатью статьями Уголовного кодекса Украины. Все преступления объединяет один предмет преступления, которым является оружие.
При расследовании этих преступлений обязательно назначается экспертиза
оружия и следов и обстоятельств его использования. Разнообразие видов оружия
и способов совершения преступлений обусловливает необходимость назначения
иных судебных экспертиз.
