Суїцидальність та злочинність: характеристика кримінологічно значущих зв’язків

Abstract

Проаналізовано зв’язки між суїцидальністю та агресивно-насильницькою злочинністю. Із використанням аналізу динамічних рядів та математичного інструментарію обчислення лінійної кореляції Пірсона встановлено наявність сильної позитивної кореляції між суїцидальністю та вбивствами, тяжкими тілесними ушкодженнями, зґвалтуваннями, хуліганствами. На підставі отриманих даних, а також вивчення природи зазначених злочинів агресивно-насильницької спрямованості аргументується спільність окремих груп детермінант між ними та суїцидальністю.Ukraine in the last fifteen years is a constant member of the top ten countries with the highest suicide rate in the world. Nowadays, approximately 9 thousand people annually dies on its own will. Herewith we observe further complication of suicides structure due to the increase in the share of minors. In this regard the problem of suicides spread is traditionally considered in terms of criminological problems. But still the relations of suicidality with specific types of crimes are not established and scientifically grounded. The objective of the research – is to find, describe and analyze criminologically significant relations between suicidality and crime. Additional arguments in favor of the relation between suicides and murders are provided. In particular, the author has realized the analysis of 35-year retrospective of reproduction of murders and suicides. This analysis provided grounds to confirm about the positive correlation between murders and suicides. Indicators of 2014 were not included in the calculation because of unusual crisis circumstances of political, military, social and economic nature that prevent objectively to interpret data of the official state statistical reporting. Using the formula for calculating the factor of Pearson’s linear correlation we have obtained the averaged correlation coefficient for the designated period, which is 0.7574. In mathematical statistics such a relation is considered to be very high positive. Thus, it is proved that murders and suicides have a significant number of common determinants of reproduction. It is emphasized that within this peculiarity there is one of the key features of the background phenomena for crime in general and suicidality in particular. Through the detailed study of the determinants of the latter we believe it is possible to enlarge the contours of cognition of the relevant species of crime and through indirect impact – to increase the effectiveness of criminal and preventive activity. Using the analysis of time series and mathematical calculating instruments of Pearson’s linear correlation we have established the presence of a strong positive correlation between suicidality and severe body injuries (correlation coefficient for 16-year retrospective is 0.7708), rapes – (correlation coefficient for 16-year retrospective is 0.7953), hooliganism (correlation coefficient for 16- year retrospective is 0.8822). The hypothesis concerning the availability of similar correlation between suicidality and robberies was not confirmed. This can be explained by instrumental nature of aggression and violence used in the robbery. This feature provides grounds to specify robbery to a greater extent to rational crimes, where the behavioral dominant is greed that is not characteristic for other types of aggressive and violent criminal activity. Based on obtained data and analysis of the nature of these crimes of aggressively violent orientation, the author grounds the unity of some groups of determinants between them and suicidality. It is grounded that criminological research of suicidality is able to perform the signal function of: a) detection, description and explanation of the factors of reproduction of social phenomenon of violence itself, including its criminal manifestations; b) the effectiveness of social management in general and criminological practices of general social implementation level, in particular.Проанализированы связи между суицидальностью и агрессивно-насильственной преступностью. С использованием анализа динамических рядов и математического инструментария вычисления линейной корреляции Пирсона установлено наличие сильной позитивной корреляции между суицидальностью и убийствами, тяжкими телесными повреждениями, изнасилованиями, хулиганствами. На основании полученных данных, а также изучения природы указанных преступлений агрессивно-насильственной направленности аргументируется общность отдельных групп детерминант между ними и суицидальностью.