Стаття присвячена проблемам наукового обґрунтування
розвитку і вдосконалення методології дослідження феноменології злочинності, що зумовлене, з одного боку, демократизацією суспільного життя в Україні та демонополізацією
методологічних підходів об’єктивного пізнання державно-правових процесів, а з іншого – специфікою юридично-правових
явищ, які вивчає феноменологія злочинності. Окреслені особливості методології дослідження феноменології злочинності
в регіоні та шляхи її удосконалення при розробці нових методик кримінологічних досліджень.
The article is focused on the problems of scientific grounding the development
and improvement of the methodology of studying phenomenology of crime, which is due
on the one hand to the democratization of social life in Ukraine and demonopolization
of methodological approaches of objective cognition of the state and legal processes,
on the other hand – to the specific of juridical and legal phenomena studied by the
phenomenology of crime.
The democratization of social life, changes of social realities, the declaration
of constitutional rights and freedoms have caused considerable state and legal
transformations, in particular the release from the former administrative and command
provision, demonopolization of the methodological approaches, pluralization of the
research methods, which is a necessary precondition for objective cognition of the
state and legal phenomena, the progressive development of legal science, freedom of
scientific creativity.
Global democratization of the research methodology enables a wider and
comprehensive application of the methods of scientific cognition in various fields of
science, including criminology while studying the phenomenology of crime. For the
modern methodology of studying the crime the characteristic features are the mobility,
openness, ability to permanent combination and updating the research methods as the
phenomenon of crime is changing rapidly, there are new techniques and methods of
committing crimes, new corpus delicti and types of crimes.
The processes that take place in the modern criminal field, require the development
of new methodological strategies in studying the phenomenon of crime within the
development of prophylactic and preventive measures.
Special attention later in the article is focused namely on the specifics of juridical
and legal phenomena, which are studied by the phenomenology of crime that requires the
necessity of identifying and studying the factors, which affect it. Thus, the methodology
of studying these phenomena is aimed at this.
Studying the methodology of the phenomenology of crime we should primarily
take into account the general state of crime, some of its features and forecasts concerning
the development. Herewith the significant shortcoming in the organization of the
prevention and prophylactic of crime is to ignore criminological forecasts, analysis of
criminological situation as in the country in general as in specific regions. Under the methodology we understand the doctrine on principles, forms and
methods of scientific cognition of the facts, phenomena, patterns and mechanisms that
are related to the object of the science. The methodology is composed out of a set of
general scientific principles, methods, ways and techniques and other areas to search
for the scientific cognition.
The methodology of the phenomenology of crime involves the use of different
levels of the scientific cognition. This enables a more detailed comprehensive study
of the phenomena using scientific methods aimed at studying the peculiarity of deep
relations of the factors affecting them, and the causes and conditions determining their
development.
The methodology of the phenomenology of crime is based on general
methodological principles, which include: the principle of legality and humanism; the
principle of legal specificity; constructive principle; the principle of comprehensiveness.
Special principles have a particular importance for the methodology of the
phenomenology of crime, such as: the principle of objectivity, consistency principle, the
principle of the interrelationship and interaction, the principle of interrelation of the
behavior, activity and consequences, the principle of social conditionality, the principle
of determinism.
The methodology of criminological science as a general concept is based on the
methods of scientific cognition, which are integral elements of the scientific methodology.
The research method is a systematised set of actions, methods and means to
be taken in order to achieve a specific objective or to accomplish the task. Research
methods depend on the object, tasks, scope, materials and other facts.
With regard to the research of the phenomenology of crime in the region, there
is a need to use some specific techniques, which is due to the specifics of the researched
object.
The author of the article has concluded that the specifics of juridical and legal
phenomena (facts, patterns, relationships, causes and conditions, mechanisms) and other
phenomena, which are studied by the phenomenology of crime, their comprehensive
mediation, mutual influence, are due to all the circumstances of social life (political,
social, economic, etc.) including legal; it determines the existence of special, original
causal connection, persistent or temporary factors, enables the necessity of their
detection, research and taking into account in solving the theoretical and applied
aspects of combating crime. The methodology of the phenomenology of crime as a
branch of criminological science is focused on this.
Статья посвящена проблемам правового обоснования развития и усовершенствования методологии исследования феноменологии преступности, что
обусловлено, с одной стороны, демократизацией общественной жизни в Украине и демонополизацией методологических подходов объективного познания государственно – правовых процессов, а с другой – спецификой юридически-правовых явлений, изучаемых феноменологией преступности. Обозначены особенности методологии исследования феноменологии преступности в регионе и пути
ее усовершенствования при разработке новых методик криминологических исследований.
