Аналіз законодавчого досвіду реалізації пенальної політики
як України, так і зарубіжних країн свідчить, що її визначальною рисою на сьогодні є гуманізація кримінально-правової
репресії. Встановлено, що загальними/спільними для законодавств усіх розглянутих держав є наявність дієвого механізму
здійснення контролю за поведінкою умовно-достроково звільнених осіб, а також можливість покладання на них певних
обов’язків під час невідбутої частини покарання.
Analysis of legislative experience of realizing penal policy
both in Ukraine and foreign countries demonstrates that its defining feature today is
the humanization of criminal and legal repression. The general tendency is to reduce
the number of convictions related to the punishment in the form of imprisonment,
to improve the legal status of prisoners, etc. The study of international experience of
different countries in the sphere of applying the parole will assist to improve national
legislation by the way of possible implementation of some of its provisions. The greatest
interest in terms of this study is the experience of implementing parole from serving a
sentence in France, the Federal Republic of Germany as the countries, which have an
established legal system for a long time and are representatives of Romano-Germanic
law family; USA as a country – representative of the family of common law; Japan as a
country that has its own specific way of developing the legislation; Belarus, Estonia and
Latvia as countries having the same past with our country. Many scholars, such as O. M. Bandurka, O. P. Horokh,
O. V. Dashchenko, H. V. Drovosiekov, Z. I. Zeldov, L. V. Kuznetsova, A. Z. Perelyhin, I. D. Perlov, L. Ye. Orel, V. V. Skybytskyi, Yu. M. Tkachevskyi, V. M. Trubnikov and others have
researched the parole from serving a sentence in their scientific writings, however the
relevance of studying this institution remains till nowadays. The article’s objective is to analyze the legal regulation
of the institute of parole from serving a sentence in the laws of foreign countries. Analysis of criminal legislation of these countries demonstrates
that they more prefer conditional discharge from serving a sentence, but not to other
undisputed types. This can be explained by the fact that the conditional discharge has
many advantages over the absolute one: enables the possibility to control released person for some period of time, to apply measures of the educational and correctional
nature while having the opportunity to really take a penalty, when the person was
released from it that in turn makes a person more disciplined. While studying the
experience of applying parole from serving a sentence by foreign countries the author
took into account the following aspects: formal and material grounds for this kind of
release; content and types of obligations that may be imposed on a person under the
parole during the unserved part of the sentence; the procedure for realizing control
over a person under the parole during the unserved part of the punishment. The parole from serving a sentence is inherent to the laws and
practice of criminal justice for countries of both Anglo-Saxon and Romano-Germanic
systems of law. Common things for the legislations of all studied foreign countries are
the provisions for the probation of a person under the parole during the test period, as
well as a clear mechanism for realizing control over the behavior of persons under the
parole during the unserved part of the punishment. Nowadays, despite some significant
steps of implementing Probation Service in Ukraine, the issues of control over persons
under the parole during the unserved part of the punishment remain unsolved. It must
be emphasized on the lack of consolidation of the effective mechanism of control over
this category of released from serving a sentence in the legislation. We believe that
for the effective application of the parole from serving a sentence, it is advisable to
adopt certain provisions of criminal law of foreign countries into national legislation
concerning the possibility of laying certain obligations on a person under the parole ny
the court during the unserved part of the punishment.
Анализ законодательного опыта реализации пенальной политики как
Украины, так и зарубежных стран свидетельствует, что ее определяющей чертой является гуманизация уголовно-правовой репрессии. В статье установлено, что общим для законодательств всех зарубежных стран, которые были
рассмотрены, является наличие эффективного механизма контроля за поведением условно-досрочно освобожденных лиц.
