Практика управління проблемними активами банків в Україні за участі держави

Abstract

На підставі аналізу статистичних даних і законодавства України з питань, пов’язаних з управлінням проблемними активами банків, визначено сучасні проблеми забезпечення фінансової безпеки банків. Окрему увагу приділено висвітленню безсистемності роботи державних органів у питаннях протидії фінансовим ризикам, спричинених зростанням обсягів простроченої заборгованості у банках. Висловлено пропозиції щодо належного правового забезпечення «націоналізації» банків, дано відповідне визначення й виділено чотири основні ознаки такого правового явища.

Taking into account the current state of the banking system of Ukraine, the authors have declared the thesis that important ways of managing troubled assets of banks are those that involve the state’s participation. Therefore, the authors believe actual to determine the ways of improving legislation providing the banks operation with troubled assets. It has been demonstrated that currently minimization of credit risks only by the actions of the banks is almost impossible, because the impact of administrative and legal measures counteracting credit risks and managing troubled assets of banks are the common matter of all subjects of ensuring the financial security of banks. External and internal financial risks that occurred in the banking system of Ukraine recently have been significantly affected the number of banks in Ukraine, where debt arrears affected it. For setting up the banking system, there were attempts to implement the operation of the remedial bank by making amendments to the Law of Ukraine “On Banks and Banking”. However, such a bank based on public joint stock company “Rodovid Bank” was established by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine by the Resolution dated from September 14, 2011 No. 880-р “On Creating the Remedial Bank”, but its activity in operating with troubled assets remained restricted. The authors of the article have also studied various regulations of the National Bank of Ukraine. It has been concluded that nowadays there is no remedial bank at the legislative level, but at the level of regulations, there are some rules regulating the registration and activities of the remedial bank. The authors have marked a significant difference between the remedial bank and the Fund Guaranteeing Deposits of individuals caused by the failure of state authorities to organize a normal operation of the remedial bank and by the rejection of managing the troubled assets of banks from this instrument. It has been noted that nowadays the state gives the priority towards liquidation of banks, but not their recovery. The authors have offered some improvements to the Law of Ukraine “On the System of Guaranteeing Deposits of Individuals” and set forward necessary conditions for the nationalization of banks.

На основе анализа статистических данных и законодательства Украины по вопросам, связанным с управлением проблемными активами банков, определены современные проблемы обеспечения финансовой безопасности банков. Отдельное внимание уделено освещению бессистемности работы государственных органов в вопросах противодействия финансовым рискам, вызванным ростом объёмов просроченной задолженности в банках. Высказаны предложения по правовому обеспечению «национализации» банков, дано соответствующее определение и выделены четыре основных признака такого правового явления.