Зловживання владою або службовим становищем як спосіб вчинення корупційних злочинів та окремий склад злочину

Abstract

Розглядається питання щодо змісту й сутності зловживання владою або службовим становищем як способу вчинення корупційних злочинів, передбачених ст. 191, 262, 308, 312, 313, 320, 357 і 410 Кримінального кодексу України, а також обов’язкової юридичної ознаки складу злочину, передбаченого ст. 364 Кримінального кодексу України. Зазначається, що в наведених нормах зловживання службовим становищем за своїм змістом охоплює зловживання владою і є або способом вчинення відповідних корупційних злочині, або об’єктивною ознакою, що характеризує злочин у сфері службової діяльності.Due to significant changes in the political, social and economic spheres of our society that have occurred recently, and unsystematic, but numerous changes of law in Ukraine on criminal liability within the matters of criminal and legal combating crimes related to corruption, there is the need for theoretical rethinking of issues on criminal and legal combating misappropriation of another’s property and other items through the abuse of official position. The Law of Ukraine No. 198-VIII included some socially dangerous acts into the group of corruption crimes, if they were committed through the abuse of official position. However, the specified range of offenses includes the corpus delicti under the Art. 364 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. This necessitates the study of the essence of the category of “abuse of official position” as the way of committing corruption crimes related to illegal rotation of someone’s property and other items to benefit of the offender or others, and the category of “abuse of power or position”, which characterizes the corpus delicti under the Art. 364 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Thus, under the abuse of power we should understand the deliberate use of their rights by an official, who has the powers, against the interests of service with respect to filing requirements and decisions binding by other individuals and legal entities. Along with the above, the abuse of official position – is any intentional use of the rights and opportunities against the interests of the service that is provided for the performance of the duties. Thus, the abuse of official position – is a broader concept, it includes the concept of abuse of power, as an official may use the rights and opportunities against the interests of the service, if he is endowed with them. It has been established that the abuse of power, except active actions, is also possible in the form of passive neglect of official duties that were assigned on a person during the accomplishment of corresponding functions. The specificity of these forms of illegal behavior is the fact that criminal law directly does not set specific list of rules of fulfilling the duties or official functions by the officials. Provisions of the Criminal Code of Ukraine set only general guidance on the use of the position by the officials or as a way of committing corruption crimes or as characteristics of specific, socially dangerous and unlawful conscious act of conduct of the officials that is committed against the interests of the service. The above stated makes the mandatory nature of establishing specific provisions of the regulations, which are included to the duties of a specific official or form the official competence of the guilty party or determine his social significance and violated (neglected) by a guilty party in regard to the commission of unlawful appropriation of another’s property or other items on his benefit or the benefit of others.Рассматриваются вопросы содержания злоупотребления властью или служебным положением как способа совершения коррупционных преступлений, предусмотренных ст. 191, 262, 308, 312, 313, 320, 357 и 410 Уголовного кодекса Украины, а также обязательного юридического признака состава преступления, ответственность за которое наступает в соответствии со ст. 364 Уголовного кодекса Украины. Указывается, что в данных нормах злоупотребление служебным положением по своему содержанию включает злоупотребление властью и является или способом совершения соответствующих коррупционных преступлений, или объективным признаком, характеризующим преступление в сфере служебной деятельности.