Стаття присвячена особливостям об’єктного складу
земельних злочинів. У ній наводиться визначення «земельних злочинів». Пропонується новітнє визначення
об’єкта земельних злочинів. Також пропонується поділ
об’єкта земельних злочинів на чотири види: загальний,
родовий, видовий та безпосередній. У статті робиться
висновок про прийнятність існування саме «чотирьохступеневої» класифікації об’єкта земельних злочинів.
The current state of land resources in Ukraine is
characterized by extremely negative indicators. To change the situation is possibleby the way of mobilizing efforts of the entire society and the state. The
state has taken steps towards ensuring adequate protection of land resources
by guaranteeing compliance with established regulations in this area. One of
these steps is to establish criminal liability for crimes in the sphere of land legal
relations. The issues of legal protection of natural
resources, including land resources have been the interest of the following
scholars: V.I. Andreitsev, Yu.S. Bohomiakov, M.M. Brynchuk, T.D. Bushuiev,
V.P. Vladymyrov, S.B. Havrysh, N.S. Gavrysh, P.S. Dahel, O.V. Dubovyk, O.O. Dudorov,
Ye.N. Zhevlakov, O.S. Kolbasov, Z.H. Korcheva, S.M. Kravchenko, U.Ya. Krastynysh,
B.M. Leontiev, N.O. Lopashenko, Yu.M. Liapunov, V.K. Matviichuk, V.L. Muntian,
P.S. Matyshevskyi, V.O. Navrotskyi, V.V. Petrov, L.F. Povelitsina, B.H. Rozovskyi,
N.I. Titov, Yu.S. Shemshuchenko, N.H. Shymbareva, M.V. Shulha and other experts
in criminal, environmental law and criminology. The objective of the research is establishment
of the system of the object of land crimes and its defining in the criminal law.The problem of defining and establishing the crime
object in the theory of criminal law is relevant at the present day. The crime
object affects the severity of the crime, determines its place in the system of
the Special Part of the Criminal Code, etc. Land crimes also have their object,
which is specified for these crimes. The object of land crimes is defined primarily
by those functions that are performed by land resources in objective reality:
environmental element that interacts with other natural resources and ensures
the existence of all live on the Earth; territorial location of production objects,
infrastructure, housing, etc; object of land property; object of agricultural and
forestry, etc.
An important point in the issue of crime object is to define its system. The
point of view about the “three-level” classification of crime object dominates in
the modern theory of criminal law. But analysis of existing thoughts about the
possibility of using “four-level” classification of the crime object allows to admit
such a classification. The most appropriate classification of the object for the
land crimes is “four-level”. At the end it is necessary to make the following conclusions:
“Land crimes” within the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine
should be recognized socially dangerous, guilty (intentional) acts (action or
omission), provided by the relevant articles of the Section VIII of the Special Part
that are committed by the relevant crime subject against social relations in the
sphere of protection, rational use and reproduction of land resources;
Considering the object of corpus delicti of land crimes we should take
into account the “four-level” classification of the crime object that includes the
specific object of such crimes. As a general object of land crimes we should recognize environmental
safety; as a generic object – environment; as a specific object – social relations
in the sphere of protection, rational use and reproduction of land resources;
as the main direct object – relations in the sphere of protection, rational use
and reproduction of individual components of land resources; as an additional
direct object – human life and health, property relations, relations in the sphere
of protection, rational use and restoration of related natural resources and
systems.
Статья посвящена особенностям объектного состава земельных
преступлений. В ней приводится определение «земельных преступлений». Предлагается новое определение объекта земельных преступлений. Также предлагается деление объекта земельных преступлений на
четыре вида: общий, родовой, видовой и непосредственный. В статье
делается вывод о приемлемости существования именно «четырехступенчатой» классификации объекта земельных преступлений.
