Підстави кримінальної відповідальності осіб, уповноважених на здійснення нотаріальних дій

Abstract

У статті розглядається питання визначення підстав кримінальної відповідальності у разі порушення норм нотаріального процесу особами, які уповноважені посвідчувати права, а також факти, що мають юридичне значення, та вчиняти інші нотаріальні дії з метою надання їм юридичної вірогідності. Обґрунтовується необхідність кваліфікації порушення норм нотаріального процесу державними нотаріусами та особами, вказаними у статтях 37, 38 і 40 Закону України «Про нотаріат», як вчинених у зв’язку зі здійсненням професійної діяльності, пов’язаної з наданням публічних послуг.The scientific article is devoted to the analysis of the provisions of two scientific studies that have been recently conducted and aimed at tackling the issues of criminal and legal guaranteeing of notarial activities in Ukraine as well as criminal and legal characteristics of abusing power by those, who provide public services. The authors of these studies; I.P. Fris and Yu.I. Shyndel devoted some parts of their works to the analysis of the current criminal legislation and provisions of criminal law science of Ukraine in order to establish grounds for criminal liability of a notary, or the person authorized to perform certain notarial acts and actions equal to the notarial. Despite the thoroughness and comprehensiveness of these scientific papers it is necessary to emphasize that their provisions substantively and systematically complement each other, but at the same time do not consider the conclusions and propositions concluded by each of these scientists independently in their studies. The above necessitates a systematic combination of certain provisions of these studies aiming at obtaining a new level of tackling the issue of criminal liability of a notary or a person authorized to perform certain notarial acts, in the case of violating the notary process. Both scientists reasonably concluded that heads of the state notarial offices and state notarial archives are referred to the category of officials under P. 1 of the note to the Art. 364 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, but in the issues of determining the grounds of criminal liability of notaries working in the state notary offices, state notarial archives (notaries public) or in private notarial offices (private notaries) and persons authorized to perform notarial acts (officials of the local government; representatives of consular offices of Ukraine; chief doctors, their deputies on the medical unit or duty doctors in hospitals, other inpatient health care facilities, as well as heads of military hospitals, directors or chief doctors of nursing homes for old people and disabled; captains of sea crafts and river boats sailing under Ukrainian flag, etc.) conclusions of these scientists are significantly different. In our opinion, notaries working in the state notary offices or state notary archives (public notaries) funded by the state budget or the Main Department of Justice of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine in Crimea, main justice departments in the regions, Kyiv City and Sevastopol (local budgets) carry out their professional activities related to the provision of public services, which outlines their liability just under the Articles 365-2 and 368-4 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Private notaries, who by the definition of the Tax Code of Ukraine are selfemployed persons, take fees for notarial acts and their amount is determined by an agreement between a notary and a citizen or legal entity, making it impossible to determine them as subjects of the mentioned corpus delicti. However, in the case of committing illegal behavior by private notaries within the notary process, they may be considered as subjects of certain corpus delicti that establish the grounds for the liability for such an illegal behavior (for example, stipulated in the Articles 168, 182, 232, 358 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine).В статье рассматриваются вопросы определения оснований уголовной ответственности в случае нарушения норм нотариального процесса лицами, уполномоченными удостоверять права, а также факты, которые имеют юридическое значение, и совершать иные нотариальные действия с целью предоставления им юридической достоверности. Обосновывается необходимость квалификации нарушения норм нотариального процесса государственными нотариусами и лицами, указанными в статьях 37, 38 и 40 Закона Украины «Про нотариат», как совершенных в связи с профессиональной деятельностью по предоставлению публичных услуг.