Диспозитивність в спадковому праві : автореф. дис.
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Дата
2020
ORCID
DOI
Науковий ступінь
Рівень дисертації
Шифр та назва спеціальності
Рада захисту
Установа захисту
Науковий керівник
Члени комітету
Видавець
Харків : Харківський національний університет внутрішніх справ
Анотація
У дисертації сформульовано концепцію диспозитивності в спадковому праві, яка спрямована на вдосконалення правового регулювання спадкових
відносин. Виявлено базові моделі диспозитивності в спадковому праві, що є формами вираження правової свободи в сфері спадкування: а) свобода
заповіту; б) договірна форма регулювання спадкових відносин; в) свобода волевиявлення спадкоємця щодо прийняття спадщини та відмови від її
прийняття. Розроблено загальні та спеціальні межі реалізації диспозитивності в спадковому праві.
Аргументовано позицію щодо розширення правової свободи у спадковому праві шляхом запровадження нових договірних конструкцій та заповідальних розпоряджень. Подано загальнотеоретичну характеристику свободи заповіту та виявлено її стадії, а також обґрунтовано виокремлення групи договорів у сфері спадкового права, що мають специфічну правову мету та особливий предмет. З’ясовано диспозитивність у частині здійснення спадкоємцями права на прийняття спадщини та на відмову від її прийняття. На рівні окремого розділу аналізуються обмеження диспозитивності в спадковому праві. Теоретичні висновки дослідження дозволили сформулювати конкретні пропозиції щодо удосконалення правового регулювання спадкових відносин.
The author of the dissertation has formulated the concept of discretion within inheritance law, which is aimed at improving the legal regulation of hereditary relations. It has been established that the features, properties and regularities of legal freedom are expressed in the form of three basic models of discretion within inheritance law: a) freedom of the last will and statement; b) contractual form of regulating hereditary relations; c) the free will of an ancestor to accept the heritage and refusal to accept it. The author has grounded the conclusion about internal (determining the model of the behavior by the subjects of inheritance law, the content and object of inheritance legal relationship) and external (realization by the subjects of inheritance law of the chosen model of behavior by committing certain active actions) manifestations of discretion within inheritance law that respectively express statics and dynamics of legal freedom. The author has distinguished general and special limits of discretion within inheritance law. To clarify the general limits of discretion, the author has offered to apply the statutory provisions on the limits of exercising civil rights. The special limits of discretion are inherently determined by the sub-branch specificity of inheritance law, which follow from the content of the Section 6 of the Civil Code of Ukraine and cover the following factors: realization of legal freedom within the duration of inheritance legal relations; the exercise of legal freedom within certain subjective boundaries with the obligatory participation of the ancestor as the universal heir’s successor; functional assignment of inheritance law, which is to ensure the posthumous transfer of rights and duties from one person (heir) to other persons (ancestors). It has been proved that the transfer of the deceased property into the property of the municipal community has no reason to be considered as a case of hereditary succession. The author of the dissertation has formulated the provisions on the existence of two stages of exercising the freedom of the last will and statement, which fully take into account the exercise of the legal freedom of the testator and demonstrate the dynamics of discretion through its consistent embodiment. The first stage covers the process of making the last will and statement and definition of its content directly by the testator. The second stage is related to the implementation of the precepts after the opening of the inheritance, as part of the procedures for executing the last will and statement and interpreting its content. The author stands the position on the need to grant the inheritance right under the last will and statement of the heir’s children, conceived after his death due to the use of ancillary reproductive technologies from the genetic material of the heir (post-mortem children) and offers the legal conditions for recognizing the postmortal children as heirs: a) artificial insemination within six months of the opening of inheritance; b) the will of the testator expressed in the last will and testament; c) spreading hereditary status to persons fertilized after opening of inheritance solely from the genetic material of the heir with the use of assisted reproductive technologies. The author has improved the generally accepted position in the legal doctrine on the classification of civil contracts into types, depending on the legal focus on a particular result, by introducing a separate group of contracts in the field of hereditary law, the legal aim of which is to ensure the posthumous transfer of rights and obligations from one person to others. It has been found out that a contract in the field of inheritance law has a much smaller, auxiliary value, compared to the role of a classical contract within civil law, since it cannot be an independent ground for the emergence, change or termination of hereditary legal relations, but is only one of the elements of legal structure, where the central place is occupied by the fact of opening of inheritance. Such contracts are of personal, trust, local and term nature, and may be concluded by a limited number of persons. Theoretical conclusions grounded on the basis of the results of the research, made it possible to formulate specific propositions for improving the regulation of hereditary legal relations, which have been summarized in the draft law on amending the Civil Code of Ukraine.
В диссертации сформулирована концепция диспозитивности в наследственном праве, направленная на усовершенствование правового регулирования наследственных отношений. Выявлены базовые модели диспозитивности в наследственном праве, которые являются формами выражения правовой свободы в сфере наследования: а) свобода завещания; б) договорная форма регулирования наследственных отношений; в) свобода волеизъявления наследника относительно принятия наследства и отказа от его принятия. Разработаны общие и специальные пределы диспозитивности в наследственном праве. Аргументирована позиция о расширении правовой свободы в наследственном праве путем внедрения новых договорных конструкций и завещательных распоряжений. Изложена общетеоретическая характеристика свободы завещания и выявлены ее стадии, а также обосновано выделение группы договоров в сфере наследственного права, которые имеют специфическую правовую цель и особый предмет. Определена диспозитивность в части осуществления наследниками права на принятие наследства и на отказ от его принятия. В объеме отдельного раздела анализируются ограничения диспозитивности в наследственном праве. Теоретические выводы исследования позволили сформулировать конкретные предложения по усовершенствованию правового регулирования наследственных отношений.
The author of the dissertation has formulated the concept of discretion within inheritance law, which is aimed at improving the legal regulation of hereditary relations. It has been established that the features, properties and regularities of legal freedom are expressed in the form of three basic models of discretion within inheritance law: a) freedom of the last will and statement; b) contractual form of regulating hereditary relations; c) the free will of an ancestor to accept the heritage and refusal to accept it. The author has grounded the conclusion about internal (determining the model of the behavior by the subjects of inheritance law, the content and object of inheritance legal relationship) and external (realization by the subjects of inheritance law of the chosen model of behavior by committing certain active actions) manifestations of discretion within inheritance law that respectively express statics and dynamics of legal freedom. The author has distinguished general and special limits of discretion within inheritance law. To clarify the general limits of discretion, the author has offered to apply the statutory provisions on the limits of exercising civil rights. The special limits of discretion are inherently determined by the sub-branch specificity of inheritance law, which follow from the content of the Section 6 of the Civil Code of Ukraine and cover the following factors: realization of legal freedom within the duration of inheritance legal relations; the exercise of legal freedom within certain subjective boundaries with the obligatory participation of the ancestor as the universal heir’s successor; functional assignment of inheritance law, which is to ensure the posthumous transfer of rights and duties from one person (heir) to other persons (ancestors). It has been proved that the transfer of the deceased property into the property of the municipal community has no reason to be considered as a case of hereditary succession. The author of the dissertation has formulated the provisions on the existence of two stages of exercising the freedom of the last will and statement, which fully take into account the exercise of the legal freedom of the testator and demonstrate the dynamics of discretion through its consistent embodiment. The first stage covers the process of making the last will and statement and definition of its content directly by the testator. The second stage is related to the implementation of the precepts after the opening of the inheritance, as part of the procedures for executing the last will and statement and interpreting its content. The author stands the position on the need to grant the inheritance right under the last will and statement of the heir’s children, conceived after his death due to the use of ancillary reproductive technologies from the genetic material of the heir (post-mortem children) and offers the legal conditions for recognizing the postmortal children as heirs: a) artificial insemination within six months of the opening of inheritance; b) the will of the testator expressed in the last will and testament; c) spreading hereditary status to persons fertilized after opening of inheritance solely from the genetic material of the heir with the use of assisted reproductive technologies. The author has improved the generally accepted position in the legal doctrine on the classification of civil contracts into types, depending on the legal focus on a particular result, by introducing a separate group of contracts in the field of hereditary law, the legal aim of which is to ensure the posthumous transfer of rights and obligations from one person to others. It has been found out that a contract in the field of inheritance law has a much smaller, auxiliary value, compared to the role of a classical contract within civil law, since it cannot be an independent ground for the emergence, change or termination of hereditary legal relations, but is only one of the elements of legal structure, where the central place is occupied by the fact of opening of inheritance. Such contracts are of personal, trust, local and term nature, and may be concluded by a limited number of persons. Theoretical conclusions grounded on the basis of the results of the research, made it possible to formulate specific propositions for improving the regulation of hereditary legal relations, which have been summarized in the draft law on amending the Civil Code of Ukraine.
В диссертации сформулирована концепция диспозитивности в наследственном праве, направленная на усовершенствование правового регулирования наследственных отношений. Выявлены базовые модели диспозитивности в наследственном праве, которые являются формами выражения правовой свободы в сфере наследования: а) свобода завещания; б) договорная форма регулирования наследственных отношений; в) свобода волеизъявления наследника относительно принятия наследства и отказа от его принятия. Разработаны общие и специальные пределы диспозитивности в наследственном праве. Аргументирована позиция о расширении правовой свободы в наследственном праве путем внедрения новых договорных конструкций и завещательных распоряжений. Изложена общетеоретическая характеристика свободы завещания и выявлены ее стадии, а также обосновано выделение группы договоров в сфере наследственного права, которые имеют специфическую правовую цель и особый предмет. Определена диспозитивность в части осуществления наследниками права на принятие наследства и на отказ от его принятия. В объеме отдельного раздела анализируются ограничения диспозитивности в наследственном праве. Теоретические выводы исследования позволили сформулировать конкретные предложения по усовершенствованию правового регулирования наследственных отношений.
Опис
Кухарєв, О. Є. Диспозитивність в спадковому праві: автореф. дис. ... д-ра юрид. наук : 12.00.03 / О. Є. Кухарєв; МВС України, Харків. нац. ун-т внутр. справ. - Харків, 2020. - 40 с.
Ключові слова
Цивільне право. Civil Law. Гражданское право, Автореферати дисертацій. Abstracts of Theses. Авторефераты диссертаций, 12.00.03, Україна. Ukraine. Украина, Спадкове право. Inheritance law. Наследственное право, диспозитивність, спадкування, спадкові правовідносини, спадкодавець, спадкоємець, заповіт, свобода заповіту, заповідальний відказ, тлумачення заповіту, договір у сфері спадкування, прийняття спадщини, відмова від прийняття спадщини, discretion, inheritance, hereditary legal relations, ancestor, lawful heir, last will and testament, freedom of last will and testament, testamentary refusal, interpretation of the last will and testament, inheritance agreement, acceptance of inheritance, renunciation of inheritance, диспозитивность, наследование, наследственные правоотношения, наследодатель, наследник, завещание, свобода завещания, завещательный отказ, толкование завещания, договор в сфере наследования, принятие наследства, отказ от принятия наследства