Правовий статус курсанта закладу вищої освіти із специфічними умовами навчання Міністерства внутрішніх справ України

Abstract

У статті здійснено комплексний аналіз законодавства України, підзаконних актів і наукових джерел, присвячених правовому статусу курсанта поліції. Виявлено фрагментарність його нормативного закріплення та відсутність уніфікованої дефініції, що зумовлює правову невизначеність. Обґрунтовано необхідність формування цілісної законодавчої моделі, яка інтегруватиме освітню та службову складові статусу курсанта. Запропоновано внесення змін до законів України «Про Національну поліцію» та «Про вищу освіту» для забезпечення системності й адаптації підготовки майбутніх поліцейських до сучасних безпекових викликів.

The article presents a legal and scholarly analysis of the legal status of a police cadet as a specific subject of service-educational legal relations, combining the functions of a higher education student and a person serving in the National Police of Ukraine. The aim of the study is to define the normative foundations and practical features of such status, identify gaps in its legislative regulation, and develop proposals for its improvement. The relevance of the research is determined by the absence in the current legislation of Ukraine of a unified definition of the term “police cadet” and by the fragmentary nature of the normative consolidation of their rights, duties, guarantees, and types of legal liability. The scientific novelty lies in the proposed author’s definition of this concept, which comprehensively reflects its educational and service-related nature and takes into account current security challenges, in particular the needs arising during martial law. Based on the analysis of the Laws of Ukraine “On the National Police”, “On Higher Education”, “On Military Duty and Military Service”, subordinate regulations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and relevant scholarly literature, it has been established that the current model of legal regulation does not ensure adequate stability and predictability. The study substantiates the expediency of introducing into the Law of Ukraine “On the National Police” a separate Article 17-1 defining the concept of “police cadet”, creating a unified legislative provision on the rights, duties, guarantees, and responsibilities of cadets, as well as supplementing Article 74 with provisions on the specifics of their training during martial law, including the adaptation of educational programs and the expansion of military and tactical training. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the possibility of applying the formulated proposals in legislative activities, regulatory work of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and the unification of the subordinate regulatory framework governing service-educational relations. The implementation of the proposed changes will contribute to enhancing the effectiveness of training future police officers, ensuring a balance between the educational and service components of their activities, and strengthening the legal guarantees of police cadets.