Фундаментальні права людини: загальнотеоретична характеристика

Abstract

Досліджено роль та місце фундаментальних прав людини у системі забезпечення прав людини у сучасному світі. Визначено юридичну природу фундаментальних прав людини. Виокремлено основні аспекти фундаментальних прав людини. Окреслено основні характеристики, притаманні фундаментальним правам людини.

The study is devoted to the role and place of fundamental human rights in the system of human rights in the modern world, and to the definition of the legal nature of fundamental human rights. The author emphasises that a society which perceives a person, his/her internal freedom and rights as a manifestation of this freedom as the most important social value, creates an imperative message to the State and its institutions to recognise, respect and protect human and civil rights and freedoms. It is argued that the state is not only a guarantor of rights and freedoms, but also responsible for their protection from any violations. In this system, human and civil rights and freedoms are a fundamental property of mankind, an important element in the process of formation and socialisation of each individual, since they allow him/her to satisfy his/her needs and realise his/her potential in various spheres of public life. The author substantiates the position that human and civil rights and freedoms not only ensure personal freedom and dignity, but are also a critical element for building a just and equal society. These principles are fundamental values that define common standards of justice and humanity. Ensuring these rights and freedoms requires the establishment of an effective justice system that guarantees the protection of every citizen from discrimination, harassment and unlawful restriction of their rights. Fundamental human rights occupy the highest level in the system of rights; they create the coordinate system in which human rights and freedoms are developed. The author identifies special legal properties of fundamental human rights. Fundamental rights are the main ones, since they enshrine the main, fundamental provisions and serve as the legal basis for the regulation of all other rights The author concludes that the development of social relations and scientific and technological progress not only bring about positive changes in people’s lives, but also give rise to new, previously unaccounted-for problems that require adaptation of the legal environment. Fundamental human rights are becoming a key tool in addressing these modern challenges, as they are universal and inalienable, i.e. they are inherent in all people, regardless of their race, gender, religion, social status or other characteristics. . Fundamental human rights not only define the legal framework for the interaction between the individual and the government, but also reflect the deep moral and ethical values recognised by many societies and lay the foundation for a just, humane and developed society.

Исследованы роль и место фундаментальных прав человека в системе обеспечения прав человека в современном мире. Определена юридическая природа фундаментальных прав человека. Выделено главные аспекты базовых прав человека. Обозначены основные характеристики, присущие фундаментальным правам человека.