Сутність, мета і завдання досудового розслідування: теоретико-правова характеристика

Abstract

Спираючись на аналіз наукових поглядів учених, запропоновано авторське визначення поняття «досудове розслідування». Акцентовано увагу на тому, що, розкриваючи сутність і зміст досудового розслідування, необхідно визначитись із його метою та завданнями. Розкрито мету і завдання досудового розслідування. Наголошено на важливості досудового розслідування як окремої стадії кримінального провадження.

It has been proved that a pre-trial investigation can be defined in two ways: firstly, as a process defined in the provisions of the current criminal procedure legislation and implemented by specially authorized entities; secondly, as an activity aimed at collecting, verifying and evaluating evidence, in particular, establishing all the necessary objective circumstances of a criminal offence and the range of entities involved in it, which will allow the court to resolve the case fairly on the merits. It has been argued that pre-trial investigation is an important stage of criminal proceedings, which makes it possible not only to ensure and protect the rights, freedoms and interests of a person and a citizen, but also to simplify the work of the judicial system, make it more transparent and efficient. In addition, if the pre-trial investigation is conducted properly, it can increase public confidence in justice, as there will be a belief that the case is being handled objectively and fairly. The following key tasks of the pre-trial investigation have been identified: to find out the circumstances of the criminal offence (time, place, method of its commission, information about the person who committed the crime); to collect evidence that undoubtedly proves that a particular person committed the crime (testimony, photo and video materials that can help establish the facts of the crime and identify the person who committed it); to establish the circle of suspects, etc. This involves identifying a range of potential suspects and conducting interrogations with them to establish their involvement in the crime; evaluating evidence, establishing its reliability and relevance to the case; making decisions on serving a notice of suspicion and referring the proceedings to court; making decisions on continuing the pre-trial investigation or terminating it; restoring the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of the victim, compensating for the damage caused, etc.

Опираясь на анализ научных взглядов ученых, предложено авторское определение понятия «досудебное расследование». Акцентировано внимание на том, что, раскрывая сущность и содержание досудебного расследования, необходимо определиться с его целью и задачами. Раскрыты цели и задачи досудебного расследования. Отмечено важность досудебного расследования как отдельной стадии уголовного производства.