Криміналістична техніка: поняття, завдання та принципи

Abstract

На підставі аналізу наукових поглядів учених з’ясовано сутність і зміст поняття «криміналістична техніка». Узагальнено теоретичні підходи до визначення завдань криміналістичної техніки, на основі чого сформульовано авторське бачення щодо їх переліку. Окреслено принципи криміналістичної техніки, розкрито їхній зміст.

It is established that forensic technology is a branch of forensic science which uses a variety of methods, instruments and technical means to collect, examine and interpret physical evidence at a crime scene in order to detect, investigate and document crimes and their perpetrators. Forensic technology is based on scientific principles and technologies and includes many different methods, such as ballistics, fingerprinting, DNA analysis, document examination, photography, video recording, etc. The article establishes that the key tasks of forensic technology are as follows: collecting, recording and documenting physical evidence at the crime scene; analysing the collected evidence, including photo and video materials, audio recordings, DNA samples, fingerprints, etc.; examining physical evidence to prove its relevance to the crime and connection with the suspect or accused; creating a reconstruction of events to understand the course of the crime and prove the guilt of the suspect or accused; preparing expert reports and testimony for use in court proceedings; supporting investigators and prosecutors in the use of scientific methods and techniques to collect and analyse evidence; conducting research and improving forensic techniques to improve law enforcement and increase the effectiveness of crime investigations. The key principles that reveal the essence and content of forensic techniques have been identified and characterised. The necessity of their legislative consolidation and expansion of the content has been proven.

На основании анализа научных взглядов ученых выяснены сущность и содержание понятия "криминалистическая техника". Обобщены теоретические подходы к определению задач криминалистической техники, на основе чего сформулировано авторское видение их перечня. Обозначены принципы криминалистической техники, раскрыто их содержание.