Розгляд основних особливостей організації та функціонування місцевого самоврядування Швейцарії

Abstract

У статті здійснено розгляд особливостей організації та функціонування органів місцевого самоврядування у Швейцарії, проаналізовано основні положення Конституції Швейцарії, які стосуються питань місцевої влади та здійснено співвідношення функціонування та повноважень муніципальної влади Швейцарії та України.

The article features the consideration of the organization and functioning of local governments in Switzerland, analyzed the main provisions of the Swiss Constitution relating to issues of local authorities and carried out ratio operation and powers of municipal authorities of Switzerland and Ukraine. Background research is that due to the reform of local government, the gradual decentralization of power, expansion of powers of local authorities delves need to revise the current legislation governing principles of local self-government in Ukraine. Today it is necessary to enhance the role and importance of local authorities, expansion of their powers, reducing their dependence on central administrative apparatus. An important focus for achieving the expected result is the study and evaluation of local governments in those countries where the level of development has acquired a high level and has positive results. One of the countries with the highest development of the institute of local selfgovernment and a real example of decentralization of power on the ground is Switzerland. This country has features unique to her in the organization of local government, which distinguish it from other countries in the world, namely: 1) the basic provisions governing the legal framework of local government is not enshrined in the Swiss Constitution, and provided at the cantonal constitution; 2) state developed "bottom-up", and so it is typical of local governance principle of subsidiarity .; 3) local self-government in Switzerland is characterized by a broad autonomy of administrative units, which are evidence of high federalism in the country; 4) the relationship of local governments and the central government are based on close collaboration and partnership; 5) local government includes solving problems of particular areas through referendums and public initiatives; 6) legislation in Switzerland is not defined and uniform system of local government structures. This structure of local government is established for each individual Canton them independently; 7) Local governments in Switzerland act as separate entities in international relations. Thus, we emphasize that the consideration of the above characteristics of the organization and functioning of local government in Switzerland to reform local government in Ukraine is an important step towards the establishment of effective and efficient local authorities.

В статье осуществлено рассмотрение особенностей организации и функционирования органов местного самоуправления в Швейцарии, проанализированы основные положения Конституции Швейцарии, которые касаются вопроов местной власти, а также осуществлено соотношение функционирования и полномочий муниципальной власти Швейцарии и Украины.