Психологічні особливості емоційного вигорання працівників правничих професій

Abstract

Представлено результати дослідження особливостей емоційного вигорання у працівників правничих професій. Визначено, що у судових експертів відсутні прояви емоційного вигорання, тоді як у працівників поліції, прокурорів і адвокатів емоційне вигорання знаходиться на стадії формування. Запропоновано низку заходів профілактичного характеру з метою формування психологічної стійкості до впливу негативних чинників професійної діяльності та підвищення загального рівня життєстійкості і ресурсності особистості працівників правничих професій.The professional activity of lawyers has a certain specificity, associated with serious risks and factors which can cause the occurrence of professional stress, physical and mental exhaustion, loss of motivation for work and decrease in the efficiency of performance. This acquires particular importance considering the chronic stress in the professional activity of lawyers, which can be the first step on the way to their emotional burnout. Purpose: The purpose of the presented study is to determine the peculiarities of emotional burnout of employees of legal professions: police officers, attorneys, prosecutors, forensic experts. Methods: theoretical methods – analysis, synthesis and generalization of psychological literature on the problematics of the research; empirical methods – psychodiagnostic test methodology, V.V. Boyko “Emotional burnout” - to determine the presence and characteristics of emotional burnout. This method makes it possible to detect signs of emotional burnout and to determine which phase of burnout they belong to: tension, resistance, or exhaustion. Mathematical and statistical data processing has been carried out with the help of “SPSS 22.0” and “Microsoft Office Excel 2010” applications, which ensured the calculation of variational statistical indicators: Student’s t-test to identify statistically significant differences between the average values of the compared indicators between the research groups. Originality: based on the results of the conducted scientific research, the features of emotional burnout among representatives of various legal professions have been described: policemen, prosecutors, attorneys, forensic experts. The obtained data will allow to design a program of prevention and overcoming emotional burnout among legal professionals. Conclusion: According to modern scientific ideas, emotional burnout is understood as a state of physical, emotional and mental exhaustion, psychological distancing from work, which manifests itself in “person-to-person” professions. There are many approaches to the study of emotional burnout syndrome, so in modern psychology there is still no single view on its definition. We are of the opinion that emotional burnout is actively formed and develops against the background of chronic distress, which leads to the depletion of a person's energy and personal resources. It has been identified that the second group of the study (prosecutors and attorneys) has the largest number of signs of emotional burnout and the highest overall level of its formation compared to police officers and forensic experts. No signs of emotional burnout were diagnosed in the group of forensic experts. It has been recorded that the level of emotional burnout among police officers is statistically significantly lower than among prosecutors and attorneys. It is possible that the professional and psychological training of police officers for service in extreme conditions, which begins with training in institutions of higher education with specific training conditions, makes them more resilient and less vulnerable to the negative influence of the profession. Practical psychology has a wide range of methods, techniques, means and technologies for preventing the development of emotional burnout. When choosing one or another method, it is important to take into account the qualifications and professional skills of the psychologist. Comprehensive implementation of timely diagnostics, education, psychological support and a system of trainings (socialpsychological, personal growth, formation of special skills) can be one of the effective directions of prevention of emotional burnout among legal professionals.Представлены результаты исследования особенностей эмоционального выгорания у работников юридических профессий. Определено, что у судебных экспертов отсутствуют проявления эмоционального выгорания, в то время как у работников полиции, прокуроров и адвокатов эмоциональное выгорание находится в стадии формирования. Предложен ряд мер профилактического характера с целью формирования психологической устойчивости к влиянию негативных факторов профессиональной деятельности и повышению общего уровня жизнестойкости и ресурсности личности работников юридических профессий.