Насильницька злочинність персоналу установ виконання покарань: стан та проблеми протидії

Abstract

Надано опис та пояснення стану насильницькій злочинності персоналу установ виконання покарань та виявлено проблемні аспекти протидії її відтворення. Встановлено збереження високого рівня та несприятливої динаміки відтворення кримінальних правопорушень, передбачених ст. ст. 127, 365 КК України серед вказаних суб’єктів. Виявлено, що серед мотивів катування та насильницького перевищення влади засуджених превалюють: а) особисто-садистичні, що виявляють прагнення до домінування над засудженими, ув’язненими та, таким чином, до самоствердження; б) службістські, які знаходять свій вияв в устремлінні на утримання оперативної ситуації в колонії під контролем, запобігання або припинення спроб утвердження та/або розширення влади особи, яка перебуває у статусі суб’єкта підвищеного злочинного впливу (авторитету).

The article is devoted to the study of violent crime among the personnel of penal institutions in Ukraine. Criminal violence has traditionally been one of the most acute, marker problems of both criminological doctrine and the general social state, in particular the effectiveness of the functioning of law enforcement agencies. The criminal justice system is no exception. This segment of criminal justice is entrusted with an extremely important task in ensuring the achievement of the goals of punishment and, thus, to a large extent, the implementation of the tasks of criminal law regulation in general. Therefore, the institutional dysfunctions of the criminal-executive system, which are most clearly manifested in the criminality of the staff of penal institutions, seriously affect the ability of the state to keep crime under control, to carry out post-criminal prevention, and to guarantee criminological safety of the population in general. Special concern is caused by criminal violence by the personnel of the specified institutions against those sentenced to imprisonment. The preservation of a high level and unfavorable dynamics of the reproduction of criminal offenses provided for by Art. Art. 127, 365 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine among the specified entities. It was found that among the motives for torture and violent abuse of power by convicts, the following prevail: a) personalsadistic ones, showing a desire to dominate convicts and prisoners and, thus, to self-affirmation; b) civil servants, which manifest themselves in the desire to keep the operational situation in the colony under control, prevent or stop attempts to establish and/or expand the power of a person who is in the status of a subject of increased criminal influence (authority). The factor of victimhood plays a significant role, in particular provocative behavior on the part of convicts, which occurs in approximately 78% of cases of violence by staff. Violent crime among the staff of penal institutions is a relatively common and shameful phenomenon, which indicates a significant dysfunction of the penal institution. Among other things, it manifests itself in accompanying background phenomena: improper performance of official duties, drinking alcohol on duty, not showing up for duty, etc. It has been proven that reforming only the criminal enforcement system in isolation from the rest of the criminal justice system will be ineffective. weakening the effect of the corresponding group of criminogenic factors. It has been established that the criminal radicalism of the staff of correctional colonies, pre-trial detention centers demonstrates stability, the ability to preserve its institutional properties even in wartime conditions. We are forced to state that the full-scale aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine forces, unfortunately, to review the priority in state funding at this stage of the struggle for the preservation of Ukraine’s statehood, its democratic and legal foundations. Nevertheless, it is worth being aware of the fact that reducing the degree of criminalization of the personnel of penal institutions is an equally important task for the preservation and further development of these principles. The system of execution of punishments lays down long trends in the reproduction of the criminogenic situation in the state, including and in particular due to the intensification of recidivism. And this is another challenge for the strategy of transitional justice in Ukraine: stabilization of the situation in penal institutions and ensuring the effectiveness of resocialization processes, correction of convicts is one of the guarantees of a successful post-war transition of our country. One of the basic requirements for improving the effectiveness of preventing and combating violent crime among the personnel of penal institutions is a comprehensive reform of the criminal justice system in Ukraine. And this direction of activity should be one of the priorities in the formation of the state policy of transitional justice.

Дано описание и объяснение состояния насильственной преступности персонала учреждений исполнения наказаний и выявлено проблемные аспекты противодействия ее воспроизводству.