Щодо класифікації адміністративних правопорушень у сфері публічної безпеки України

Abstract

Встановлено класифікацію адміністративних правопорушень у сфері публічної безпеки. Здійснено аналіз підходів учених-правознавців щодо визначення сутності категорій «адміністративне правопорушення», «проступок», «публічна безпека». Сформовано авторський підхід щодо розуміння класифікації адміністративних правопорушень у сфері публічної безпеки. Визначено сутність і змістовні складові частини адміністративного правопорушення, встановлено особливості адміністративних правопорушень у сфері публічної безпеки України.

There have been defined the essence and substantive components of an administrative offense in the article, there have also been established the features of administrative offenses in the field of public safety in Ukraine. The approaches of legal scholars regarding the understanding of the essence of the category of “administrative offense” have been analyzed. It has been found that the actual characteristics of administrative offenses in the field of public safety can be represented by a two-pronged system, which consists of subsystems of external and internal features. The author refers to the latter those that characterize its content, the internal component and the violations arising from the legal composition of offenses in the field of public security, and to the external ones – all the other features that mainly relate to the external expression of an administrative offense, the implementation of an encroachment on objects of the public security sphere. It has been substantiated that the punishability of a misconduct provides for the mandatory bringing of a person to administrative responsibility and the application of sanctions to a person, as a result of which she experiences material losses and moral restrictions. In order to recognize the unlawful actions or inaction of a person as an administrative offense, they must be committed by a person, who has the capacity to be held liable in tort (sane), who may bear administrative responsibility and be the subject of a misconduct, but the acts of an insane person are generally not recognized as offenses. It has been established that the sign of a person’s conscious volitional behavior assumes that the process of committing an offense is controlled and recognized by a person, and therefore the offense itself is voluntary. This characteristic is related to the person’s delictual dispositive capacity, that is, the ability to bear legal responsibility for unlawful acts, responsibility for them before society and the state and to understand the possibility of harmful consequences that may occur as a result of committing a tort. At the same time, lack of understanding and lack of willfulness make it impossible to bring a person to justice, even if his actions are similar in appearance to offenses; an example is the commission of an offense by a minor or mentally ill person.

Установлена ​​классификация административных правонарушений в сфере публичной безопасности. Осуществлен анализ подходов ученых-правоведов по определению сущности категорий «административное правонарушение», «проступок», «публичная безопасность». Сформирован авторский подход к пониманию классификации административных правонарушений в сфере публичной безопасности. Определены сущность и содержательные составные части административного правонарушения, установлены особенности административных правонарушений в сфере публичной безопасности Украины.