Окремі аспекти забезпечення і реалізації права на захист підозрюваного та обвинуваченого у кримінальному провадженні

Abstract

З урахуванням кримінального процесуального законодавства України та практики його застосування розглянуто забезпечення і реалізацію права на захист підозрюваного та обвинуваченого. Під час дослідження встановлено, що, незважаючи на нововведення, запроваджені чинним КПК України, окремі питання залишилися невизначеними, понятійний апарат – недосконалим, у зв’язку з чим запропоновано внести зміни і доповнення до нього.The criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine, the practice of its application by the units pre-trial investigation, prosecutors, investigative judges and courts to guarantee the right on protection of such participants in criminal proceedings as a suspect and accused is considered and analyzed in the paper. The study found out that this area of guaranteeing human and citizen’s rights and freedoms have long been paid sufficient attention both by scholars in their research and practitioners, public institutions, international community while implementing these issues in law enforcement activities, in particular during the time of the previous Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine of 1960. Despite this, after the adoption of the current Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine in 2012, not all of these problems have been solved. And the author describes it in the article. Special attention of the article is paid to the analysis of novelties of the current Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine and regulations to guarantee and implement the right on protection of a suspect and accused in comparison with some other participants of the criminal proceedings. Existing problems on these issues both according to the current and the previous Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine are found out. The author has established the influence of ratified by Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine international legal acts, decisions of the European Court of Human Rights on the formation of the provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine, the provisions of the Criminal Procedural and other legislation of Ukraine concerning the studied issues and forming legal enforcement activity of law enforcement agencies and the court. It is stated that international legal acts and decisions of the European Court of Human Rights have become recently the legal basis for national legislation and, in particular certain provisions and foundations (principles) of the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine. The author states that, despite the usage of the experience of a number of European and other foreign countries some national peculiarities of the legislation have not been taken into account while adopting the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine in 2012. In accordance of the study’s results the author has made some propositions and recommendations for improving the current criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine on stated issues.С учётом уголовного процессуального законодательства Украины и практики его применения рассмотрены обеспечение и реализация права на защиту подозреваемого и обвиняемого. В ходе исследования установлено, что несмотря на новеллы, введённые в действующий УПК Украины, отдельные вопросы остались нерешёнными, понятийный аппарат несовершенным, в связи с чем предложено внести изменения и дополнения к нему.