Науковии доробок історика права професора І. М. Собестіанського (1856-1895 рр.)

Abstract

У статті розглядається внесок в науку історика права ХІХ ст. І.М. Собестіанського, розробка ним деяких аспектів юридичного побуту та права Давньої Русі, зокрема питання про кругову поруку, його міркування щодо основних рис національного характеру стародавніх слов’ян. Аналізується, як висвітлювалося це питання в російській, польській, чеській історико-правовій літературі ХІХ ст.

The article analyzes the creative work of the historian of the nineteenth century. I.M. Sobestinian (1856-1895) concerning some aspects of the legal life of the ancient Slavs. The scholar stressed the need to study ancient Russian law in connection with other Slavic laws, believing that this would help resolve a significant number of discussion issues of this right. The authors of the publication investigate the contents of two major monographs of I.M. Sobestian: «The Circular Bailing from the Slavs to the Ancient Monuments of Their Legislation» (1888) and «The Doctrines of the National Features of the Character and Legal Life of the Ancient Slavs: Historical and Critical Study» (1892). In his dissertations I.M. Sobestian focuses on the legal life of the ancient Slavs, while analyzing their national character and customs as well. The advantage of his work is the comparative approach, he considers how one or another issue is covered not only in Russian but also in the Czech and Polish scientific literature. In his study of the circle of guarantee I.M. Sobestian, to the facts of Slavic history, picked up homogeneous facts from the laws of the Hindus, Jews, Old-Roman law, and the legal customs of Montenegro, Albanians and other peoples. As a result, he made a sound conclusion that circular surety is inherent in not one Slavs, but exists in many nations, being a product of a certain degree of social development. Scientists have revealed the essence and peculiarities of the circular guarantee in ancient Russia. A characteristic feature of his work is the courage of judgments, critique of authority. However, they are not devoid of deficiencies - it is often abundant quotation of colleagues, the absence of specific comments on these quotes sometimes.

В статье рассматривается вклад в науку историка права ХІХ в. И.М. Собестианского, разработка им некоторых аспектов юридического быта и права Древней Руси, в частности вопроса о круговой поруке, его рассуждения относительно основных черт национального характера древних славян. Анализируется, как освещался этот вопрос в русской, польской, чешской историко-правовой литературе ХІХ в.