Міжнародно-правові та національні механізми контролю за недержавними суб’єктами охоронної діяльності

Abstract

Розглянуто проблеми делегування державних повноважень у сфері правоохорони до приватного сектору економіки, розглянуто питання здійснення контролю за недержавними суб’єктами охоронної діяльності. Визначено принципи державного контролю за діяльністю недержавних суб’єктів охоронної діяльності. Проаналізовано міжнародні вимоги щодо забезпечення такого контролю як із боку міжнародних інституцій, так і в межах національного законодавства.

The author of the article has studied the reasons for introducing a control mechanism over the activities of private security companies, which play an increasingly important role in the security sector worldwide. These companies by providing security services, directly influence the security, human rights and democratic order of the country. In this regard, it has been emphasized that the issues of legal regulation of the activities and responsibilities of private security companies are particularly important for society and the state. The importance of controlling private security companies and security services is conditioned by the particularities of the services provided by these entities. Private security companies in the course of their activities can apply physical force, special means (in some countries even firearms) to citizens, carry out their detention, which in turn can cause degrading treatment and physical suffering. Further privatization and outsourcing in the security sector has led to a significant expansion of this area and increased risks of human rights and freedoms’ violations. The author has stated that the purpose of control over the activity of non-government entities in the field of security and safety is to prevent deviations from the established order of state security and public order protection, prevention, detection and termination of actions that harm the protected state interests. The need to strengthen this control is due to two main aspects: 1) there is a need to raise the standards of corporate governance in the field of nongovernmental protection of human rights; 2) there is a more general tendency to regulate the behavior of all business structures regarding human rights in all areas of their activities. The author has distinguished four possible ways to influence private security companies: national legal systems and courts; corporate norms; international and regional voluntary initiatives; international and legal regulation.

Рассмотрены проблемы делегирования государственных полномочий в сфере правоохраны в частный сектор экономики, рассмотрены вопросы осуществления контроля над негосударственными субъектами охранной деятельности. Определены принципы государственного контроля над деятельностью негосударственных субъектов охранной деятельности. Проанализированы международные требования по обеспечению такого контроля как со стороны международных институций, так и в пределах национального законодательства.