Злочинність неповнолітніх осіб у вітчизняній науковій думці: історико-правовий аналіз (на прикладі другої половини ХІХ століття)

Abstract

Досліджено злочинність неповнолітніх осіб у вітчизняній науковій думці на прикладі другої половини XІХ через історико-правовий аналіз. Констатовано, що ідеї вітчизняних юристів ліберальної школи звернені до проблеми протидії злочинності неповнолітніх, з позицій гуманізації правового положення останніх, з тієї причини, що дослідники багато в чому поділяли окремі позиції своїх західноєвропейських колег. З плином часу така особливість формування поглядів з питань неповнолітніх в правовій доктрині тільки стала помітнішою.

The scientific article is devoted to the study of the crime of minors in domestic scientific thought on the example of the second half of the 19th century through historical and legal analysis. Taking into account the doctrinal study, it stated that the ideas of domestic liberal school lawyers are addressed to the problem of countering juvenile crime, from the point of view of humanizing the legal situation of the latter, for the reason that researchers largely shared the separate positions of their Western European colleagues. Over time, this feature of the formation of views on juvenile issues in the legal doctrine has only become more noticeable. Thus, under the influence of this factor at the beginning of the 20th century, in the works of legal scholars on the problem under analysis, the idea of establishing a special procedure for the administration of juvenile justice became the most relevant. It noted that until the middle of the 19th century, minors did not have any special criminal status (in fact, they were equated with adult criminals), in modern legal literature there is often an idea of the injustice of such a situation of persons who have not reached adulthood. Thus, from the point of view of legal scholars, a study of the history of the formation of the legal status of minors indicates the preservation of the disenfranchised position of children before the law and the court until about the middle of the 19th century. This was primarily due to the lack of representation in the legal and social concept of childhood as a «special situation protected by the period of human life». It was found that the work of prominent lawyers of the mid-second half of the 19th century, who laid the foundations for future research into the problems of countering juvenile crime, differed in its fundamentals. Thus, legal scholars formulate principles and basic ideas from the standpoint of which state legal activities should be carried out to reduce the criminal activity of persons, who have not reached adulthood, as well as the resocialization of children and adolescents, which crossed the line of law, along with the reception of Western doctrines, became a kind of theoretical and methodological base, at which domestic legal scholars subsequently developed their concepts of State policy in the field of countering juvenile delinquency, in particular the idea of establishing specialized courts in the relevant category.

Исследована преступность несовершеннолетних лиц в отечественном научном мысли на примере второй половины XIX через историко-правовой анализ. Констатировано, что идеи отечественных юристов либеральной школы обращены к проблеме противодействия преступности несовершеннолетних, с позиции гуманизации правового положения последних, по той причине, что исследователи во многом разделяли отдельные позиции своих западноевропейских коллег. По прошествии времени такая особенность формирования взглядов по вопросам несовершеннолетних в правовой доктрине только стала заметнее.