Особливості кваліфікації грубого порушення угоди про працю стосовно громадянина, з яким укладена угода щодо його роботи за межами України (ст. 173 КК України)

Abstract

Здійснено спробу кримінально-правового аналізу основних ознак грубого порушення угоди про працю (ст. 173 КК України), встановлено особливості кваліфікуючої ознаки грубого порушення угоди про працю стосовно роботи за межами України. З урахуванням практики Європейського Суду з прав людини, запропоновано шляхи подолання правозастосовних проблем у сфері кваліфікації грубого порушення угоди про працю стосовно громадянина, з яким укладена угода щодо його роботи за межами України (ч. 2 ст. 173 КК України).

The author of the article has attempted to carry out criminal and legal analysis of the main features of flagrant violations of the employment agreement (the Art. 173 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine). The peculiarities of the qualifying feature of flagrant violations of the employment agreement concerning the work outside Ukraine have been established. Taking into account the practice of the European Court of Human Rights, the author has suggested the ways of overcoming law-enforcement problems in the field of qualifying flagrant violations of the employment agreement with respect to a citizen who concluded an agreement on his work outside Ukraine (Part 2 of the Art. 173 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine). The objective of the article is to distinguish problematic issues concerning the application of the criminal law on flagrant violations of the employment agreement (including, with respect to a citizen who concluded an agreement regarding his work outside Ukraine) and the development of the ways to improve legislative and judicial practice. On the basis of the analysis of criminal and legal elements of flagrant violations of the employment agreement, the author has concluded that there are certain features that significantly complicate both the understanding of the content of the criminal act and the direct application of the law by law enforcement agencies and the court. The evaluation element of a “flagrant violation” that exists in the corpus delicti needs to be interpreted either directly in criminal law or through the relevant judicial interpretations and legal positions. The main problem of the delimitation of flagrant violations of the employment agreement with respect to a citizen who concluded an agreement on his work outside Ukraine (Part 2 of the Art. 173 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine) is the similar nature according to external (objective) characteristics with such criminal offenses as human trafficking and fraud in the form of imaginary mediation activity on the employment abroad. The main delimiting features in this case should be the object of a criminal offense, the purpose of criminal acts and the legality (illegality) of mediation activities on the employment abroad.

Осуществлена попытка уголовно-правового анализа основных признаков грубого нарушения соглашения о труде- (ст. 173 УК Украины), установлены особенности квалифицирующего признака о грубом нарушении соглашения в отношении работы за пределами Украины. С учетом практики Европейского Суда по правам человека, предложены пути преодоления правоприменительных проблем в сфере квалификации грубого нарушения соглашения о труде в отношении гражданина, с которым заключено соглашение о его работе за пределами Украины (ч. 2 ст. 173 УК Украины).