Генезис теорії податків у вітчизняній науковій думці: історико-правовий аналіз
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Юридична наука. - 2019. - № 1 (91). - С. 371-380
Анотація
Досліджено еволюцію становлення та визначення змісту теорії податків через їх генезис та трансформацію в історико-правовому осяганні. Наголошено, що генезис теорії податків у вітчизняній науковій думці є уособленням та узагальненням напрацювань лише деяких
вчених, в першу чергу, економістів, які перебували під величезним впливом
західноєвропейських цінностей. Активний ж розвиток науки у ХХ столітті
став наслідком переосмислення цінностей та змісту, який в собі несуть
податки як фінансово-правовий інститут саме за результатами розвитку
економіки, яка була уособленням суспільних потреб населення.
The scientific article is devoted to a research of genesis of the theory of taxes in domestic scientific opinion through historical and legal aspect. By the author it established that domestic scientists and the soviet lawyers in the scientific research and practical activities used achievements of a world political and legal thought. Up to split of the international community on two contradictory politicalsystems views ofscientists of taxesin a logicalsystem, reflecting progress of economy and policy, gaining the nature of scientifically based tax concepts and theories of rational taxation in specific historical conditions. It noted that in the scientific doctrine the point of view prevails according to which the national tax system passed three absolutely different historical periods if to approach it from a general position, that is registration in a legislative order of bases of its functioning: pre-revolutionary, soviet, post-soviet periods. Attention is separately paid towhatfinancial and economic crisis and reductionoflevel ofimplementation commodity-money, turned out to be consequence of decline of a tax system in the ukrainian territories which were in structure of the Russian Empire. For extended to the statement of the soviet scientists the socialist system of managing provides the government budget essentially with other sources of income, than the system of capitalism as taxes stop being the economic embodiment of existence of the state. The state in the conditions of socialism leaning on socialist property and socialist production which constantly grows, becomes the main tools of receiving income. Growth in incomes from socialist economy allows to carry out systematic reduction in taxesfrom the population. Contrary to itthe main source of bourgeois budgets is only taxes, and their main weight is made by taxes on the population. Owing to what, the most optimum concept which would prove the specified regularities offered to consider «the marxist analysis of taxes». The conclusion is drawn that genesis of the theory of taxes in domestic scientific opinion is an embodiment and generalization of practices only of some scientists, first of all, of economists who were under huge influence of the Western European values. Active development of science in the XX century turned out to be consequence reconsideration of values and content which in themselves is born by taxes as a financial legal institution by results of development of economy which was an embodiment of social needs of the population.
Исследована эволюция становления и определения содержания теории налогов через их генезис и трансформацию в историко-правовом постижении. Отмечено, что генезис теории налогов в отечественной научной мысли является олицетворением и обобщением наработок лишь некоторых ученых, в первую очередь, экономистов, находившихся под огромным влиянием западноевропейских ценностей. Активное развитие науки в ХХ веке стало следствием переосмысления ценностей и содержания, которое в себе несут налоги как финансово-правовой институт именно по результатам развития экономики, которая была олицетворением общественных потребностей населения.
The scientific article is devoted to a research of genesis of the theory of taxes in domestic scientific opinion through historical and legal aspect. By the author it established that domestic scientists and the soviet lawyers in the scientific research and practical activities used achievements of a world political and legal thought. Up to split of the international community on two contradictory politicalsystems views ofscientists of taxesin a logicalsystem, reflecting progress of economy and policy, gaining the nature of scientifically based tax concepts and theories of rational taxation in specific historical conditions. It noted that in the scientific doctrine the point of view prevails according to which the national tax system passed three absolutely different historical periods if to approach it from a general position, that is registration in a legislative order of bases of its functioning: pre-revolutionary, soviet, post-soviet periods. Attention is separately paid towhatfinancial and economic crisis and reductionoflevel ofimplementation commodity-money, turned out to be consequence of decline of a tax system in the ukrainian territories which were in structure of the Russian Empire. For extended to the statement of the soviet scientists the socialist system of managing provides the government budget essentially with other sources of income, than the system of capitalism as taxes stop being the economic embodiment of existence of the state. The state in the conditions of socialism leaning on socialist property and socialist production which constantly grows, becomes the main tools of receiving income. Growth in incomes from socialist economy allows to carry out systematic reduction in taxesfrom the population. Contrary to itthe main source of bourgeois budgets is only taxes, and their main weight is made by taxes on the population. Owing to what, the most optimum concept which would prove the specified regularities offered to consider «the marxist analysis of taxes». The conclusion is drawn that genesis of the theory of taxes in domestic scientific opinion is an embodiment and generalization of practices only of some scientists, first of all, of economists who were under huge influence of the Western European values. Active development of science in the XX century turned out to be consequence reconsideration of values and content which in themselves is born by taxes as a financial legal institution by results of development of economy which was an embodiment of social needs of the population.
Исследована эволюция становления и определения содержания теории налогов через их генезис и трансформацию в историко-правовом постижении. Отмечено, что генезис теории налогов в отечественной научной мысли является олицетворением и обобщением наработок лишь некоторых ученых, в первую очередь, экономистов, находившихся под огромным влиянием западноевропейских ценностей. Активное развитие науки в ХХ веке стало следствием переосмысления ценностей и содержания, которое в себе несут налоги как финансово-правовой институт именно по результатам развития экономики, которая была олицетворением общественных потребностей населения.
Опис
Гуфман, Г. Л. Генезис теорії податків у вітчизняній науковій думці: історико-правовий аналіз / Г. Л. Гуфман // Юридична наука. - 2019. - № 1 (91). - С. 371-380.
Ключові слова
Держава і право. State and Law. Государство и право, Наукові публікації. Scientific publications. Научные публикации, Історія. History. История, Фінансове право. Бюджетне право. Банківське право. Financis Law. Budget Law. Banking Law. Финансовое право. Бюджетное право. Банковское право, Україна. Ukraine. Украина, історико-правовий аналіз, historical and legal analysis, историко-правовой анализ, податки, taxes, налоги, теорія податків, податкова система, tax system, налоговая система, політико-правова думка, political and legal opinion, политико-правовая мысль, оподаткування, taxation, налогообложение