Актуальність ролі віктимологічних знань у профілактиці корисливо-насильницьких злочинів

Abstract

Проаналізовано роль жертви злочину за умови її взаємозв’язку зі злочинцем та обставинами (ситуацією), які призвели до скоєння корисливо-насильницького злочину. Приділено увагу зв’язку «жертва – ситуація» як обов’язковому елементу обставин скоєння злочину. Проаналізовано наукові підходи до визначення причин віктимної поведінки жертв у момент скоєння злочину та після нього.

The criminal victimology has changed the direction, where traditionally the person is considered, who was the victim of any crimes. It is considered as objectively significant element of specific hazardous situation. This approach is certainly justified: a large number of crimes demonstrates quite superior «contribution» of a victim to the events that have occurred, where a crime is often a result of a pair action – an offender and a victim. Lucrative and violent crimes, in most cases, are the result of the unity of three interrelated elements: a criminal, circumstances (situation) ofthe crime commission and a victim (complainant) of a crime. For a complete, comprehensive and impartial investigation of a crime there is a need not only to study the offender’s personality, but it is very important, and often the backbone a thorough study of a victim of a crime and the circumstances, the situation, in terms of which the crime was committed. As a result of victimological research, there is a possibility to conduct investigation better and more efficiently, as well as to establish a full picture of a crime, objectively assess the guilt of a perpetrator considering the role ofpersonality and behavior ofa victim of a crime. The need to study features of individual victimity and victimization of victims of lucrative and violent crimes is caused by the tasks of applied nature. The level of efficiency of scientific forecasting in the area of crime prevention will increase significantly, if we take into consideration the wide range of socially determining factors of victimological nature. The relevance of recording victims of lucrative and violent crimes will grow even more in terms of large-scale transformation of social processes of global nature in view ofthe past two decades. Further conduction of victimological studies will assist to define victims of lucrative and violent crimes that enhance the possibilities for experts in getting an objective picture of not only victimization ofpeople, but also the state oflatent crime.

Проанализирована роль жертвы преступления при условии её взаимосвязи с преступником и обстоятельствами (ситуацией), которые привели к совершению корыстно-насильственного преступления. Уделено внимание связи «жертва – ситуация» как обязательному элементу обстоятельств совершения преступления. Проанализированы научные подходы к определению причин виктимного поведения жертв в момент совершения преступления и после него.