Особливості цивільно-правової відповідальності поліцейського за шкоду, завдану у стані крайньої необхідності

Abstract

Визначено особливості цивільно-правової відповідальності поліцейського за шкоду, завдану у стані крайньої необхідності. Встановлено загальні положення, які регламентують стан крайньої необхідності у цивільному законодавстві України, можливість застосування вказаних положень при регулюванні діяльності поліцейського під час виконання службових обов’язків. Висловлено пропозиції щодо оновлення нормативного забезпечення досліджуваної сфери.

The article is devoted to defining the features of the civil liability of a police officer for damage caused in a state of extreme necessity. The article analyzes the signs of committing an offense in a state of extreme necessity in the context of civil, administrative and criminal liability. Attention is drawn to the fact that the state of extreme necessity in civil legislation does not contain signs of lawful activity, despite the fact that such a characteristic is present in criminal legislation and it is a circumstance that excludes liability in administrative legislation. It has been established that during the implementation of law enforcement activities, police officers may violate the civil rights and interests of individuals and legal entities, and that, according to the law, the state will compensate for such actions. The judicial practice of recognizing law enforcement officers as offenders, despite the act being committed in a state of extreme necessity, when the danger under the given conditions could not be eliminated by other means, was studied. Several examples of civil liability during law enforcement activities are given. It is determined that the performance of official duties of a police officer is considered to be performed during working hours or by order. The procedure for compensating individuals for damage caused by police officers during the performance of official duties was analyzed. It was determined that the civil legislation contains gaps regarding the conditions for exemption from civil liability of a police officer in the event of causing damage during the arrest of a person who has committed an offense. On the basis of the conducted analysis, it was concluded that the actions of the police officer, in which he harmed the civil rights and interests of persons in a state of dire need, can be recognized as legitimate and compensation should be imposed on the offender whom the police officer tried to bring to justice.

Определены особенности гражданско-правовой ответственности полицейского за ущерб, причиненный в состоянии крайней необходимости. Установлены общие положения, регламентирующие состояние крайней необходимости в гражданском законодательстве Украины, возможность применения указанных положений при регулировании деятельности полицейского при исполнении служебных обязанностей. Высказаны предложения по обновлению нормативного обеспечения исследуемой сферы.