Проблемні питання використання знань психології дізнавачем при розслідуванні кримінальних проступків

Abstract

Розглянуто проблемні питання щодо використання знань психології дізнавачем при досудовому розслідуванні кримінальних проступків. Визначено правові і процесуальні основи діяльності дізнавача, кореляція його діяльності зі слідчим. Встановлено підстави та шляхи використання цих знань у досудовому розслідуванні кримінальних проступків такою категорією посадових осіб.

The article retrospectively examines the genesis of the institution of inquiry in the current national criminal procedural legislation, legislative and departmental legal regulation of the pre-trial investigation of criminal misdemeanors, offi cial and procedural powers of the inquirer and the head of the inquiry body, in the process of which certain inconsistencies, discrepancies and gaps were identifi ed. The state of research on the problematic issues raised in the article, the results of the existing discussion, the scientifi c positions of individual scientists and representatives of scientifi c schools were analyzed, based on the results of which the author developed his own scientifi c position in certain areas. On the basis of the above, correlations between procedural functions and the ways of acquisition, development, accumulation, improvement and use of psychological knowledge by the inquirer during the pre-trial investigation of criminal misdemeanors, the main and appropriate directions in such offi cial activities were investigated. It has been established that the activity of the inquirer as well as the investigator takes place according to the algorithms of actions clearly regulated by law, has an authoritarian nature, is carried out in limited conditions and in compliance with the “reasonable terms” of the pre-trial investigation and in tense and stressful conditions. At the same time, the diffi culty of performing investigative tasks is signifi cantly increased when working under martial law. It was established that the inquirer, compared to the investigator, is endowed with a wider range of procedural means of learning about the event and the circumstances of the criminal offense. It is argued that the application of psychological foundations and knowledge in the activity of the inquirer is related to the pre-trial investigation of crimes conducted by the investigator, who also uses them in his activities, but unlike the process of pretrial investigation of criminal misdemeanors, has more practical experience. Based on the results of the research, the author developed proposals and recommendations for the legislative elimination of certain gaps in the legal support of the activity of the inquirer and the head of the inquiry body.

Рассмотрены проблемные вопросы использования знаний психологии дознавателем при досудебном расследовании уголовных проступков. Определены правовые и процессуальные основы деятельности дознавателя, корреляция его деятельности со следователем. Установлены основания и пути использования этих знаний в предварительном расследовании уголовных проступков такой категорией должностных лиц.