Слідчий суддя як суб’єкт захисту прав людини: деякі проблеми правозастосування та шляхи їх вирішення

Abstract

Охарактеризовано обов’язки суду щодо захисту прав людини при застосуванні заходів забезпечення кримінального провадження. Визначено проблеми кримінальної процесуальної регламентації при застосуванні заходів забезпечення кримінального провадження та обґрунтовано необхідність внесення змін до КПК України.

The duties of the court to protect human rights in the application of the measures of guaranteeing criminal proceedings are characterized in the article. It is established that adequate judicial control, objective and independent pre-trial investigation are impossible without an investigating judge as an objective and independent researcher of circumstances of the committed criminal offence. Special attention is paid to the need for using by an investigating judge the norms of criminal procedural law considering international litigation, which, respectively, not only confirms the efficiency of independent and impartial court’s functioning, but in general will increase the authority of the judiciary. The problems of criminal procedural regulation while using the measures of criminal proceedings are determined. Considering this, the expediency of amending the Art. 206 of the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine, which will contribute to the improvement of the mechanism of realizing the right to check by a court the validity of the detention, is grounded. In particular, it is offered to provide the duty of an investigating judge immediately verify the validity (legality) of person’s detention at any stage of criminal proceedings if such a verification is demanded by the arrested person or his lawyer. In case an investigating judge finds unfounded detention he has to rule on the immediate release of the detained person, and in case when a person has been already dismissed he has to rule a decision on recognition detention illegal, a copy of which is to be sent to the body that carries out pre-trial investigation of criminal offenses under the Art. 371 of the Criminal Code (knowingly illegal detention, plea, house arrest or detention) for the commitment of proceedings under the Art. 214 of the Criminal Procedural Code. It is proved that in making decisions an investigating judge, justifying his position, should make references both to the relevant article of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, and to the particular decision of the European Court of Human Rights according to certain circumstances. Thus, investigating judges must necessarily use the technique of the European Court of Human Rights practice and the norms of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, since those norms have advantage over the norms of domestic law.

Охарактеризованы обязанности суда по защите прав человека при применении мер обеспечения уголовного производства. Определены проблемы уголовной процессуальной регламентации при применении мер обеспечения уголовного производства и обоснована необходимость внесения изменений в УПК Украины.