Обмеження в діяльності правоохоронних органів у позитивному праві України

Abstract

Надано характеристику обмеженням, які існують в діяльності Національної поліції України, прокуратури, Служби безпеки України, тощо. Узагальнено, що універсальними, тобто такими, що поширюються на всіх без виключення державних службовців, в тому числі працівників правоохоронних органів, узагальненими в єдиному законі, є антикорупційні обмеження, зокрема: обмеження щодо одержання подарунків, здійснення повноважень під зовнішнім контролем тощо. Зроблено висновок, що обмеження в діяльності правоохоронних органів ґрунтуються на організаційних обмеженнях функціонування органів публічної влади.The article, based on the analysis of the scientific views of scientists and the norms of the current legislation, describes the limitations that exist in the activities of the National Police of Ukraine, the Prosecutor's Office, and the Security Service of Ukraine. It is summarized that anti-corruption restrictions are universal, i.e. they apply to all civil servants without exception, including law enforcement officers, summarized in a single law, in particular: restrictions on receiving gifts, exercising powers under external control, etc. It was concluded that limitations in the activities of law enforcement agencies are based on organizational limitations of the functioning of public authorities. The legislation provides for both specific restrictions (absolutely defined, with a clear meaning) in the activities of law enforcement agencies, and relatively specific ones (employees of law enforcement agencies are prohibited from using their official powers or one's position and related opportunities in order to obtain an illegal benefit for oneself or other persons). They apply both to individual employees (employees and military personnel of the State Border Service during the performance of official duties are prohibited from carrying cash in excess of the amount established by the central executive body implementing state policy in the field of state border protection), and to law enforcement agencies as a whole (withdrawal of the originals of primary financial and business documents is prohibited, except in cases provided for by criminal procedural legislation). At the legislative level, they are fixed as in special status laws, where the competence of each of them is determined, in particular, in the laws of Ukraine "On the National Police", "On the Prosecutor's Office", "On the Security Service of Ukraine", "On the State Bureau of Investigation", "On National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine", "On the State Border Service of Ukraine", as well as in other laws on certain areas of law enforcement work, including in the laws of Ukraine "On operative investigative activity", "On organizational and legal bases of combating organized crime", "On combating terrorism", the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine. Along with this, restrictions on the activities of law enforcement bodies are established in a number of laws, the subject of which are legal regulation of other issues, different from law enforcement topics. Based on this, limitations in the activities of law enforcement agencies are fixed in status, functional and related laws. Universal, that is, those that apply to everyone without exception of civil servants, including employees of law enforcement agencies, summarized in a single law, are anti-corruption restrictions, including such as: restrictions on receiving gifts, exercising powers under external control, etc.Предоставлена ​​характеристика ограничений, которые существуют в деятельности Национальной полиции Украины, прокуратуры, Службы безопасности Украины и т.д. Обобщено, что универсальными, то есть распространяющимися на всех без исключения государственных служащих, в том числе работников правоохранительных органов, обобщенными в едином законе, являются антикоррупционные ограничения, в частности: ограничения в отношении получение подарков, осуществление полномочий под внешним контролем и т.п.