Концептуальні аспекти становлення державного кредиту і фінансів підприємств та організацій як ключових елементів фінансової системи (на матеріалах українських губерній у складі Російської імперії)

Abstract

Надано комплексний аналіз концептуальних аспектів становлення державного кредиту і фінансів підприємств та організацій як ключових елементів фінансової системи на українських територіях, які перебували під владою Російської імперії.The scientific article is devoted to the study and comprehensive analysis of the conceptual aspects of the formation of public credit and finance of enterprises and organizations as key elements of the financial system in the Ukrainian territories, which were under the rule of the Russian Empire. It argued that finance is the main link in the financial system of any state is the finance of enterprises, but this has not always been the case. Companies were considered not only as the most convenient form of productive free private capital, but also a form that should provide the opportunity for these investments for all comers, including, and perhaps above all, for landlords and bureaucracy. In conditions of increasing disintegration of the feudal system, the latter circumstance was of paramount importance. The predominant position of scientists was rather skeptical of the prospects of “artificial excitation of industry” and remained opposed to state subsidies to factories and plants, believing that the main benefit will be foreigners who will invest in any industry. Consequently, corporate finance perceived as the basis of the financial system, and the arguments for scientists were rather strange, but the existence of a misunderstanding of the role of corporate finance is not in doubt. Perhaps the science of finance in this area was underdeveloped, but on the other hand, it was possible to take into account the experience of foreign countries, because despite government policy, it could not solve the main problem - the lag of industrial development from Western European countries Characterizing the place and role of public and commercial credit in the development of industry and the financial system in general, it proved that the government emphasized that public credit should not artificially “disrupt” the new industry, but serve the existing one. Considering the bank as a tool to realize such interests, the state built its policy to prevent the spontaneous development of the market of commercial banking services, seeking to protect bankrupt banks from damage to both customers and depositors, and public finances and the banking system as a whole. Thus, for the first time, preconditions created for state-regulated and controlled by the standards of the banking system, which included both public and private (joint-stock) commercial banks.Представлен комплексный анализ концептуальных аспектов становления государственного кредита и финансов предприятий и организаций как ключевых элементов финансовой системы на украинских территориях, находившихся под властью Российской империи.