Спадкове право Київської русі в дослідженнях вітчизняних вчених-юристів XIX - початку XX ст.

Abstract

Розглянуто основні аспекти досліджень дореволюційних вчених- істориків права щодо спадкового права доби Давньої Русі, розробка ними питання про історичні передумови та еволюцію спадкового права на Русі. The article deals with the main aspects of the research of pre-revolutionary scholars of historians of law on the hereditary law of Ancient Russia, the development of the question of historical preconditions and the evolution of inheritance law in Russia. The evolution of the Russian hereditary law proceeded in a unique way, including elements of foreign legal systems (primarily Byzantine), changing them in accordance with the national, political, and economic and social realities of Ancient Russia. Therefore, in the norms of the Russian Pravda, both initially old Russian norms, transformed from ordinary law, and new provisions brought under the influence of the church were intertwined. Regarding the existence of inheritance by testament in Kievan Rus, pre-revolutionary scientists divided into two groups. Some of them (large) believed that such inheritance was essentially non-existent, since the level of legal thought was not so high that it could arise. The number of supporters of the point of view of the unconditional freedom of the will was less. Investigations of the scientists of the pre-revolutionary period showed that in the era of Ancient Rus, the peculiarities of legal regulation of inheritance law are explained by two main factors. The first factor is the lack of development of civil-legal relations during the period of feudalism. Accordingly, the ownership of individuals was largely limited. It concerned this limitation and hereditary rights. The second major factor that influenced the legal regulation of inheritance law during the Kiev state was the formation of a Christian church in Russia and its institutions. Despite the existence of certain passages and shortcomings in sources, the norms of inheritance law were fixed at the early stages of the formation of written ancient Russian law; normative acts of the period considered by pre-revolutionary scholars characterize the rather high level of legal regulation of this complex of legal relations. Рассматриваются основные аспекты исследований дореволюционных ученых- историков права относительно наследственного права периода Давней Руси, разработка ими вопроса об исторических предпосылках и эволюции наследственного права на Руси.