До проблеми визначення змісту терміна «кримінологічна характеристика злочинності»

Abstract

У статті розглядається проблема визначення змісту кримінологічної характеристики злочинності. Проаналізовані основні погляди на проблему змісту та об’єму поняття кримінологічної характеристики злочинності. Наголошується на неможливості аналізу в межах кримінологічної характеристики злочинності таких елементів предмета кримінології, як особа злочинця, детермінація злочинності та протидія злочинності. Робиться висновок про те, що кримінологічна характеристика злочинності – це аналіз кількісних та якісних показників злочинності.

While providing criminological characteristics of crime in general or its particular type, there is a number of questions, namely: what does the content of criminological characteristics of crime form?, i.e. what kind of algorithm should be used during this analysis?; how does criminological characteristics correlates with the forensic and criminal and legal characteristics?; where is the line that separates them?; how do other elements of the criminological science’s object are correlated, namely determinants of crime, offender’s personality and the system of crime counteraction with criminological characteristics of crime. The author of this publication notes that there is no single point of view concerning establishment of the content and the limit of the concept of criminological characteristics in criminological science. The most common in this area the points of view of A.I. Aleksieiev, A.F. Zelinskyi, O.H. Kalman, B.V. Korobeinikov, N.M. Kuznetsova, H.N. Minkovskyi and V.B. Yastrebov are defined. The objective of conducted research is the answer to the question: what aspects should be mandatory considered and analyzed within criminological characteristics of crime, namely, what does its content form? Delimitation and the current difference between “criminal and legal characteristics of a crime”, “forensic characteristics of a crime” and “criminological characteristics of crime” is grounded within the scientific research. On the basis of the current points of view analysis concerning the content of the concept “criminological characteristics of crime” the author grounds a separate point of view on this issue, namely criminological characteristics are provided to such social and legal phenomenon as crime rather than to a criminal’s personality, to crime determination and to the system of crime counteraction. First of all the author insists a point of view, which is in the direct analysis of crime as a social phenomenon, but not all other related phenomena and processes. Secondly, a range of issues that should be considered within the criminological characteristics of crime is clearly outlined. Besides, the understanding of the concept of crime and its characteristics is considered. Further it is grounded that the characteristics of crime within criminological research should be realized through the analysis and review of its indicators. The author of the article concludes that the term “criminological characteristics of crime” includes a description of the characteristics of crime as the phenomenon, which is carried out in the light of the analysis of its quantitative and qualitative indicators, namely, the absolute number of crimes and criminals, the crime rate (the rate of criminal intensity and the rate of criminal activity), the dynamics of crime, crime structure, geography of crime and crime value.

В статье рассматривается проблема определения содержания криминологической характеристики преступности. Проанализированы основные точки зрения на проблему содержания и объема понятия криминологической характеристики преступности. Отмечается невозможность анализа в пределах криминологической характеристики преступности таких элементов предмета криминологии, как личность преступника, детерминация преступности и противодействие преступности. Делается вывод о том, что криминологическая характеристика преступности – это анализ количественных и качественных показателей преступности.