Принцип nоn bis in idem у кримінальному праві України (симбіоз національного й міжнародного рівнів регламентації)

Abstract

Розглянуто зміст принципу nоn bis in idem у кримінальному праві України. Показано його генетичні зв’язки з основними міжнародно-правовими актами, що визначають стандарти захисту прав людини. Виявлено недоліки регламентації цього принципу в Кримінальному кодексі України.

Compliance with non (ne) bis in idem is one of the oldest legal principles of European law. Its compliance in criminal law of Ukraine is an indicator of correspondence of this area to the generally recognized principles and norms of international law and international standards of human rights protection. However, legal regulation of this principle in criminal law of Ukraine and its understanding by the domestic theory of criminal law should be improved. The objective of the publication is to determine the ways of guaranteeing the establishment of two legal systems – international and national while consolidation practical implementation of the principle of non bis in idem. The research is conducted with the usage of comparative and legal method and system and structural analysis. Genetic relations of the principle non bis in idem with major international legal acts that define standards of human rights protection (European Convention on Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights) and international treaties of criminal and legal character (Roman Statute of the International Criminal Court, the European Convention on the International Validity of Criminal Judgments, etc.) are provided. Shortcomings in the regulation of this principle in the P. 3. of the Art. 2 and P. 2 of the Art. 7 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine are revealed; the estimation of their provisions that duplicate each other is provided. It is indicated that the action of this principle in the criminal legislation of Ukraine is not extended to persons stated in the Art. 8 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. It is offered to state the appropriate provision in the form of a certain norm, which would be included into the complex of requirements about the validity of the law on criminal liability in the space. It is proved that the prohibition of re-application of the measures of criminal and legal character for the same offence is within the national criminal and legal jurisdiction. Therefore, the state has the right without violating international human rights standards to provide the possibility of using its own criminal law to a person, who has suffered punishment for the offence beyond its territory. A formula of the principle of non bis in idem considering the peculiarities of the system of measures of criminal and legal character, which is regulated by the Criminal Code of Ukraine, as a formulation “No one in Ukraine can experience criminal liability or other measures specified by the Criminal Code of Ukraine for the same offence more than once” is offered.

Рассмотрено содержание принципа nоn bis in idem в уголовном праве Украины. Показаны его генетические связи с основными международно-правовыми актами, определяющими стандарты защиты прав человека. Выявлены недостатки регламентации данного принципа в Уголовном кодексе Украины.