Кримінологічний аналіз рівня та динаміки суїцидальності як фонового явища злочинності в Україні

Abstract

Проаналізовано рівень та динамку суїцидальності як фо­нового явища злочинності в Україні. Встановлено індекс суїцидальної активності у 2015 р., який становив 17,9 самогубств на 100 тис. населення. З’ясовано причини того, що протягом 2000–2007 рр. спостерігається поступове зниження кількості самогубств. Зроблено висновок, що з 2010 по 2013 рік включно настав етап стабілізації, а з 2014 року закладаються основи тенденції до суттєвого зниження рівня та індексів суїцидальної активності. Запропоновано пояснення встановленим станам і закономірностям.

The level and dynamics of suicidality as a background phenomenon for the crime in Ukraine have been studied. Suicidal activity index has been established in 2015, which was 17.9 suicides per 100 thousand people. Since 2000, there is a gradual decrease in the number of suicides. This tendency is brightly demonstrated in 2000–2007. Later, from 2010 through 2013, there is the stage of stabilization, and starting from 2014 there are the foundations to the tendencies to a significant reduction in suicidal level and index of suicidal activity. It is established that the dynamics of suicides is identical reflected in relative terms – indices of suicidal activity. In particular, there was a decrease of the mentioned rate from 2000 to 2007 and since 2010 there was also planned growth up to 2013, and during 2014–2015 – a significant reduction. Dynamics of absolute indicators of reflecting suicidality during 16­year period differs by the significant negative absolute growth calculated by the basic method. The lowest its rates are established in 2014 and 2015 and are (­6.7) and (­7) thousand suicides respectively to the basic one in 2000. The average annual absolute increase calculated by the specified method is – 4.6 thousand that should be generally assessed positively in the context of studied retrospective. But we have to talk, nevertheless, about three conditional periods of dynamic oscillations: first – 2000–2009, the second – 2010–2013, the third – 2014–2015. The downward trend of the first selected period of reconstructing suicidality for the period 2000–2009, is explained by a certain stabilization of macroeconomic indicators in the country compared to the catastrophic events in the economy of the 90s of the last century, improvement in this regard, sociopsychological climate, and expansion of the intensity of socially useful relations of the wider number of population. Besides, the author has also paid attention to a certain change in the structure of socially active layers in favor of younger generation, not burdened by psychological traumas of anomic origin of the post­Soviet sample. Average annual growth rate in the range of 2006–2013 years relative to the basic one in 2000 is 35.7 %. Instead, in the range of 2000–2005, the same indicator is 17.9 %. The attention is paid to the fact that the financial crisis has not affected the overall tendency of reducing suicidal activity, which indicates the absence of a rigid connection between the phenomenon of suicides and economic contradictions. During 2010–2013 and 2014–2015 years the impact on the indicators of the dynamics of suicidality is made by the factors of migration, social and psychological tension, antiterrorist operation in certain areas of Donetsk and Lugansk regions.

Проанализированы уровень и динамика суицидальности в ка­честве фонового явления преступности в Украине. Установлен ин­декс суицидальной активности в 2015 году. Выяснены причины, по ко­торым с 2000 года наблюдается постепенное снижение количества самоубийств. Ярко выраженной эта тенденция была в течение 2000–2007 гг. Сделан вывод о том, что с 2010 по 2013 год включительно сле­дует этап стабилизации, а с 2014 года закладываются основы тен­денции к существенному снижению уровня и индексов суицидальной активности. Предпринята попытка объяснить установленные состо­яния и закономерности.