Кримінально-правовий захист працівників правоохоронних органів: сучасний стан та перспективи вдосконалення

Abstract

У статті розглянуто питання забезпечення захисту працівників правоохоронних органів, наведено приклади його вирішення в деяких країнах, надано пропозиції щодо шляхів удосконалення законодавства в цьому напрямку.

A number of contemporary problems of guaranteeing criminal and legal protection of law enforcement activity area and its subjects as one of the indicators of the effectiveness of fulfilling law enforcement function of the state is analyzed. The author has stressed on the necessity of directing it to create conditions for the safe performance of law enforcement officers’ duties. At a time when there is a crime rise in Ukraine loading on law enforcement officers in the sphere of professional and service practices has increased. The number of situations, during which or as a result of which the threat of personal and official interests of these state representatives is created. Therefore, the relevance of issues of legal protection of persons, who acting on behalf of the state in officially-power relations directly participate in the implementation of its law enforcement function, becomes more apparent. An important role among the measures to solve this problem has the responsibility for socially dangerous infringements directed against law enforcement relations. Its grounds include, first of all, the norms of the Section XV of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine “Crimes against the Authority of State Agencies, Local Governments and Citizens’ Associations”. Modern criminal and legal science has provided solution of a wide range of problems of law enforcement’s protection. The current criminal law has implemented the conceptual provision for priority protection of state agents’ personality (and their relatives) in relations concerning public order protection. However, the legislation still has some gaps, indicating that not all relevant conclusions and propositions of experts concerning guaranteeing law enforcement system and its representatives with criminal and legal means of protection are duly implemented. Imperfect is legal basis of guaranteeing criminal and legal protection of the following basic personal benefits of a law enforcement officer as the life, health, personal safety and bodily integrity. Under the protection of the criminal law must also be relatives of those representatives of the state, which is an additional guarantee for the protection of such persons and ensuring the performance of their duties. Thus, to ensure the completeness of protection of relations concerning proper performance of the professional duties by law enforcement officers from the influence on their legitimate service activities through attacks on the property of a person, whose interests are essential for law enforcement officers, indication in the Art. 347 of the Criminal Code on a close relative as a victim should be replaced by an indication on a close relative of a law enforcement officer; and in the Art. 348 of the Criminal Code, except infringement on life of a law enforcement officer one should also provide infringement on life of people close to a law enforcement officer (not only “close relatives”, as required by the current version of the norm). The current Criminal Code does not provide liability for infringements that are directed exclusively against the authority of these entities, including against the authority of law enforcement officers – in particular, norms about liability for insults of law enforcement officers. Insult as illegal behavior degrades the honor and dignity of a person or his/her relatives, undermining its authority to other members of the society, affects the feelings of self-esteem. Committed against a law enforcement officer, it can affect his/her service and professional work and change attitudes of others to the authority of a law enforcement agency, represented by an officer. Criminalization of an insult of a law enforcement officer in connection with the performance of professional duties is appropriate.

В статье рассмотрены вопросы обеспечения защиты работников правоохранительных органов, приведены примеры его решения в некоторых странах, предоставлены предложения относительно путей усовершенствования законодательства в этом направлении.