Поняття і зміст спеціально-кримінологічного запобігання злочинам

Abstract

Статтю присвячено аналізові сутності та змісту спеціально­-кримінологічного запобігання злочинам. На основі синтезу знань про місце і ґенезу протидії злочин­ності, ознаки й характер кримінальних загроз через приз­му синергетичного підходу запропоновано концептуальні підходи до побудови понятійно­категоріальної моделі вказаного різновиду антикримінальних практик.This article is focused on the analysis of the essence and content of specially criminological crime prevention. Based on the synthesis of knowledge about the place and the genesis of crime combating, characteristics and nature of criminal threats in the light of the synergistic approach the authors have suggested the conceptual approaches to the construction of conceptual and categorical model of thr specified type of anti­criminal practices. The effectiveness of the fight against crime is largely dependent on the intensity of interaction between scholars and practitioners of various branches of science relevant in the case of forming a coherent integrated holistic scientific product. Negative developments and tendencies taking place in Ukraine, require continuous scientific tracking, in­depth and detailed research of the crime situation, forwarding appropriate adjustments in the strategy and tactics of fighting against crime. Knowledge of the essence and genesis of crime combating in the light of the synergistic approach, tendencies of its development and transformation, features and nature of the threats to the processes of formation of civil society is still fragmented but conceptual principles for building conceptual and categorical model of combating crime of this type has remained completely ignored by the scholars. Specially criminological prevention of crimes is carried out in three main areas, which develop and implement the measures: a) criminological prevention; b) prevention of crimes; c) suppression of crimes. Depending on the fact, which criminogenic phenomena and processes preventive measures are aimed at the scholars have suggested to combine them in certain types of prevention on the basis of their professionalization and specialization: 1) advance prevention; 2) prevention of limitations; 3) prevention of elimination; 4) prevention of protection. Inside the direction of prevention of crimes we can distinguish general prevention and individual prevention of crimes. Based on the mentioned above and other conceptual approaches regarding to the content of specially criminological crime prevention, the authors have offered the following term of “specially criminological prevention of crime” as a set of measures implemented on an appropriate legal basis by the specialized subjects for the purpose of criminological prevention (advance, limitations, elimination and protection), prevention and suppression of socially dangerous acts, blocking and neutralizing determinants of the emergence, development and reproduction, as well as establishment of potentially prone individuals to commit crimes and prompt response to their manifestations in any form. Suggested conceptual model (system) of specially criminological crime prevention, as synthesized criminological concept and practice of using special knowledge and methods of criminology and other disciplines, has to become the methodological basis for the development of scientifically based measures of crime combating.Статья посвящена анализу сущности и содержания специально­-криминологического предупреждения преступлений. На основе синтеза знаний о месте и генезисе противодействия преступности, признаках и характере криминальных угроз через призму синергетического подхода предложены концептуальные подходы к построению понятийно­-категориальной модели указанного вида антикриминальных практик.