Відмежування ухилення від призову за мобілізацією (стаття 336 Кримінального кодексу України) від порушення законодавства про оборону, мобілізаційну підготовку та мобілізацію (стаття 210-1 Кодексу України про адміністративні правопорушення)

Abstract

Досліджено законодавство, що регулює питання, пов’язані з обороною України, мобілізаційною підготовкою та мобілізацією. Проаналізовано склад злочину, передбаченого ст. 336 КК України, та правопорушення, передбаченого ст. 210-1 КУпАП. На основі вказаного аналізу виявлено критерії відмежування ухилення від призову за мобілізацією від порушення законодавства про оборону, мобілізаційну підготовку та мобілізацію.

According to the Art. 65 of the Constitution of Ukraine Motherland’s defense, independence and territorial integrity of Ukraine, respect of its state symbols are the duties of the citizens of Ukraine. The citizens go through military service in accordance with the law. The President of Ukraine makes a decision in accordance with the law about the general or partial mobilization and puts martial law in force in Ukraine or in its particular areas, if there is the threat of attack, danger to the state independence of Ukraine. The issues of criminal liability for conscription dodging under the mobilization (the Art. 336 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine) were not relevant to the present time. There was no mobilization in Ukraine till 2014, therefore there were no criminal proceedings under the Art. 336 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Nowadays according to the data of the unified state register of judgments, 210 convictions for conscription dodging under the mobilization gained legal validity. Administrative liability for violating legislation about defense mobilization and mobilization training (the Art. 210-1 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offences) is established by the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offences (hereinafter – the CUAO). Regarding stated above and the current situation in Ukraine the corpus delicti under the Art. 336 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine and the offense under the Art. 210-1 of the CUAO aiming at to determine criteria for the dissociation of these acts are studied in the article. Having analyzed the crime under the Art. 336 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine (conscription dodging under mobilization) and the offence under the Art. 210-1 of the CUAO (violation of legislation on defense mobilization and mobilization training) the author made the following conclusions. The object of a crime under the Art. 336 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine is social relations in the sphere of mobilization and the offence under the Art. 210- 1 of the CUAO – public relations in the sphere of defense mobilization training and mobilization. The objective element of conscription dodging under mobilization is limited by the acts aimed at direct refusal of military service during the special period or war, while violation of legislation on defense mobilization training and mobilization is characterized by a wider range of acts committed both in peacetime and in the special period or wartime. The subjective element of a crime under the Art. 336 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine is characterized by the guilt in the form of direct intent and an offence under the Art. 210-1 of the CUAO is characterized by the guilt either in the form of intent or in the form of reckless negligence. The crime’s subject under the Art. 336 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine may be an individual, sane person, who is according to the age and health may perform military service, if there is no deferment of military service or decision about ineligibility, as well as, a reserve officer. The subject of the offence under the Art. 210-1 of the CUAO may be an individual, sane person, who has reached 16 years, including any official.

Исследовано законодательство, регулирующее вопросы, связанные с обороной Украины, мобилизационной подготовкой и мобилизацией. Проанализирован состав преступления, предусмотренного ст. 336 УК Украины, и правонарушения, предусмотренного ст. 210-1 КУоАП. На основе указанного анализа выявлены критерии отграничения уклонения от призыва по мобилизации от нарушения законодательства об обороне, мобилизационной подготовке и мобилизации.