Проаналізовано джерела й пам’ятки кримінального
права України за період із XVI по ХХІ ст. На основі вивчення
законодавства Литовської доби, Гетьманщини, періоду
перебування України у складі Російської імперії та Радянського Союзу розглянуто розвиток кримінальноправової
заборони насильницьких дій військовослужбовців щодо
цивільного населення.
The norm of the Art. 433 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine “Violence against
the Population in the Military Operations Area” establishes liability for the
violence, illegal destruction of property and its taking under the intention of
military necessity committed against the population in the military operational
area, as well as robbery committed against the population. One of the elements of
criminal and legal characteristics of the mentioned crime is social conditionality
of implementation and existence of its criminal and legal prohibition within
the domestic legislation. Its research covers a number of factors, including the
study of the origin and development (genesis) of regulations on liability for such
acts within the domestic criminal law.
Criminal and legal characteristics of the mentioned crime has not yet
become the subject of independent research. Only few authors considered
it within the problems of criminal liability for related crimes. However, legal
experience of previous eras in the sphere of combating highhanded military
actions against civilians during hostilities by criminal and legal means has not
been analyzed yet. By using historical and comparative method, the objective of
the publication is to highlight the issues of the origin and development (genesis)
within domestic criminal legislation of the regulations on liability for violence
against the population in military operations areas.
Sources and artifacts of criminal law of Ukraine for the period from the
XVI to XXI century have been analyzed. On the basis of studying the legislation
of Lithuania era (Second and Third Lithuanian Statutes), Hetman era, the law
Zaporizhzhya Cossacks, legislation of the period of Ukraine being within Russian
Empire (Military Articles of 1715, Field Criminal Code of 1812, Military Regulations on Punishment of 1869) and the Soviet Union (Criminal Code of Ukrainian SSR of 1922, Criminal Code of Ukrainian SSR of 1927, Criminal Code of
Ukrainian SSR of 1960) the author has studied the development of criminal and
legal prohibition of military violence against civilians. It was found out that it
had been existing in different legal and technical performance within criminal law of Ukraine for more than four centuries. Therefore, the historical tradition
of prohibition of violence against the population in the military operations
area can be included to the determinants of criminalization of acts under the
Art. 433 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Historical experience indicates that
the crime was considered by legislators as a form of looting for a long time,
and only in the middle of the XX century, it was finally allocated into a separate
corpus delicti. Besides, based on studying the genesis of the mentioned criminal
and legal prohibition we can argue that national legislators have not properly
used the heritage of the lawyers of the past concerning full description of the
features of the corpus delicti of the violence against the population in the
military operations area.
Проанализированы источники и памятки уголовного права Украины за период с XVI по ХХІ в. На основании детального изучения законодательства Литовского периода, Гетманщины, периода нахождения
Украины в составе Российской империи и Советского Союза рассмотрено развитие уголовно-правового запрета насильственных действий военнослужащих в отношении гражданского населения.
