Міжнародні інструменти інституційного забезпечення запобігання та протидії корупції: становлення, зміст та перспективи реалізації в Україні

Abstract

Проаналізовано організаційно-правові аспекти запобігання та протидії корупції в країнах Північної Америки, виокремлено позитивний досвід антикорупційної політики у розрізі його можливого впровадження в антикорупційну систему України.The article examines the experience of preventing and combating corruption in the countries of North America. Attention is focused on the fact that corruption as a phenomenon in the minds of Americans is primarily associated with public service, which is not surprising: public officials have a significant amount of powers and "privileges" that they can use to satisfy their own interests or the interests of third parties. The leading role in the fight against corruption in America at the federal level is played by the US Department of Justice, headed by the Attorney General. In addition, the Federal Bureau of Investigation operates within the structure of this organization, whose main tasks include: investigating violations of federal legislation by public officials at the federal, state, and local levels of government; overseeing a nationwide investigation into allegations of fraud involving federal government procurement, contracts, and federally funded programs; combating the threat of public corruption at the country's borders and points of entry to reduce the country's vulnerability to drug and arms trafficking, foreign smuggling, espionage and terrorism; combating environmental crimes, election fraud, and issues related to federal government procurement, contracts, and federally funded programs. It is noted that in Canada, the fight against corruption is connected with the control of compliance with the current anti-corruption legislation, its improvement and informing the public about the level of corruption in the country and individual corruption offenses. Despite strict restrictions, Canadian legislation regulates the right of the business community to participate in political life, in particular during parliamentary elections. The idea is that such interaction should take place within strict frameworks and in no case go beyond them, and therefore, this area is the object of control of administrative and legal regulation, including through publicity and reporting. Thus, the quality of the system of preventing and countering corruption in the countries of North America depends on building effective interaction of the state, primarily in the form of its law enforcement agencies, with other institutions, including international ones. For its part, the experience of law enforcement agencies in the outlined area clearly demonstrates that the success of the relevant measures depends on the quality of anti-corruption laws and subordinate legal acts.Проанализированы организационно-правовые аспекты предотвращения и противодействия коррупции в странах Северной Америки, выделен положительный опыт антикоррупционной политики в разрезе его возможного внедрения в антикоррупционную систему Украины.