Кримінально-правові та кримінологічні засади визнання Україною юрисдикції Міжнародного кримінального суду

Abstract

Проаналізовано кримінально-правові та кримінологічні засади визнання Україною юрисдикції Міжнародного кримінального суду. Виявлено зміни в елементах кримінально-правових відносин у зв’язку з таким визнанням, надано їх опис і пояснення. Доведено необхідність внесення змін і доповнень до закону про кримінальну відповідальність щодо адаптації вітчизняної правової системи до юрисдикції міжнародних судових установ, а також застосування окремих політико-кримінологічних заходів із метою припинення і запобігання окремим категоріям злочинів, забезпечення здійснення правосуддя.The author has analyzed criminological, criminal and legal principles of admitting the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court by Ukraine. The author has revealed, provided description and explanation to changes in the elements of criminal and legal relations in regard to such a recognition. It has been determined that the position of statements of Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on admitting the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court are unconstitutional, although they are not de jure recognized as those. The author has provided the description and characteristics of theoretical and legal model of terminating national and emergence of international criminal and legal relations in regard to the recognition of the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court. The impossibility of the realization of that model according to the current parameters of the legal system in Ukraine has been proved. The problem is that the domestic legislation on criminal liability of Ukraine does not provide the possibilities and does not specify the criteria, under which the criminal act committed on the territory of Ukraine, was determined not by the Criminal Code of Ukraine, but by other regulatory acts, including in particular the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. It has been established that those relationships, which arose on the basis of national law on criminal liability after committing crimes on the territory of Ukraine (under the statements of Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine) are available nowadays. There are no legally significant grounds for their termination, as the domestic criminal law does not know such grounds for termination of criminal and legal relationships. The author has offered to review a draft of amendments and alterations to the Criminal Code of Ukraine, namely: a) p. 1 of the Art. 6 after “by this Code” shall be amended with the following phrase: “except the cases, when they are on the grounds provided by the Constitution of Ukraine, are subjects to criminal prosecution by international judicial institutions; b) p. 1 of the Art. 7, after the words “by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine” to alter with the phrase “or if they are subject to criminal prosecution by the international judicial institutions on the grounds provided by the Constitution of Ukraine”; c) p. 1 of the Art. 9 after the words “court of a foreign state” to alter with the phrase “or international judicial institution”. The author has proved the legal incorrectness and criminological groundlessness established in the statement of Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine restrictions of the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court only by the crimes against humanity and war crimes, as well as by the determined range (group) of people regardless of grouping criteria. There is a need for the adoption of a new statement of Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, in the text of which there should be no restrictions or reservations, except the period of time during which the relevant crimes were committed under the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court.Проанализированы уголовно-правовые и криминологические основы признания Украиной юрисдикции Международного уголовного суда. Выявлены изменения в элементах уголовно-правовых отношений в связи с таким признанием, дано их описание и объяснение. Доказана необходимость внесения изменений и дополнений в закон об уголовной ответственности с целью адаптации отечественной правовой системы к юрисдикции международных судебных учреждений, а также применения отдельных политико-криминологических мер по пресечению и предупреждению отдельных категорий преступлений, обеспечения осуществления правосудия.